Characterizing the interaction between enantiomers of eight psychoactive drugs and highly sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin by counter‐current capillary electrophoresis

Abstract

The estimation of apparent binding constants and limit mobilities of the complexes of the enantiomers that characterize the interaction of enantiomers with chiral selectors, in this case highly sulfated β-cyclodextrin, was approached using a simple and economic electrophoretic modality, the complete filling technique (CFT) in counter-current mode. The enantiomers of eight psychoactive drugs, four antihistamines (dimethindene, promethazine, orphenadrine and terfenadine) and four antidepressants (bupropion, fluoxetine, nomifensine and viloxazine) were separated for the first time for this cyclodextrin (CD). Estimations of thermodynamic and electrophoretic enantioselectivies were also performed. Results indicate that, in general, thermodynamic enantioselectivity is the main component explaining the high resolution found, but also one case suggests that electrophoretic enantioselectivity itself is enough to obtain a satisfactory resolution. CFT results advantageous compared with conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE) and partial filling technique (PFT) for the study of the interaction between drugs and chiral selectors. It combines the use of a simple fitting model (as in CE), when the enantiomers do not exit the chiral selector plug during the separation (i.e. mobility of electroosmotic flow larger than mobility of CD), and drastic reduction of the consumption (and cost; ~99.7%) of the CD reagent (as in PFT) compared with the conventional CE.

Enantioresolution in electrokinetic chromatography-complete filling technique using sulfated gamma-cyclodextrin. Software-free topological anticipation

“…In CE, chiral selectors are usually included in the background electrolyte (BGE), in the so-called electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) mode [2]. Partial (PFT) and complete (CFT) filling techniques are useful alternatives to conventional EKC [4,5]. In EKC-PFT and EKC-CFT the capillary is (partially or totally, respectively) filled with chiral selector solution prior to injection of the analyte, while the BGE remains free of chiral selector during the separation.…”

Enantioselective Study on the Biodegradation of Verapamil and Cytalopram by Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis

“…Cyclodextrins (CDs) are the most widely used chiral selectors due to their good enantiorecognition capacity, good water solubility, UV transparency, and the wide variety of neutral, cationic, and anionic CDs with different functional groups [21]. Partial (PFT) and complete (CFT) filling techniques are useful alternatives to conventional EKC [24][25][26]. In EKC-PFT and EKC-CFT the capillary is filled (partially or totally, respectively) with a chiral selector solution prior to analyte injection, whereas the BGE remains free of chiral selector during separation resulting in a drastic decrease in selector consumption and thus in cost.…”

Development of fluorescence probe for spectrofluorimetric determination of viloxazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical form and rat plasma; additional pharmacokinetic study

“…The reported techniques employed to determine VXZ encompass high-performance liquid chromatography [7][8][9][10][11], gas chromatography [12][13][14][15][16], capillary electrophoresis [17], and differential pulse voltammetry [18,19]. Notwithstanding their sensitivity, these techniques present a multitude of drawbacks, which encompass the utilization of expensive apparatus, the requirement for skilled operators, an intricate and laborious sample preparation procedure, and environmental incompatibility.…”