Characterizing the gastrointestinal development and digestive enzyme ontogeny of larval Amphiprion ocellaris

Murray, Casey A.; Markham, Olivia I.; Hutchins, Sarah W.; DiMaggio, Matthew A.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738897

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…(2021), and Murray et al. (2023). These investigations could provide a better understanding of the critical developmental stages and functionality of the digestive tract and could be useful in determining the optimal timing for transitioning larval Burbot from live prey items to prepared feeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, it is crucial to conduct studies that explore the ontogeny of digestive enzymes in larval Burbot, akin to previous studies conducted by Łączyńska et al (2016), Thompson et al (2019), Lipscomb et al (2020b), Chen et al (2021), andMurray et al (2023). These investigations could provide a better understanding of the critical developmental stages and functionality of the digestive tract and could be useful in determining the optimal timing for transitioning larval Burbot from live prey items to prepared feeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing early weaning protocols for Burbot larvae

Matuha,

Oliver,

Bruce

et al. 2023

N American J Aquac

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Burbot (Lota lota maculosa) hold enormous potential for freshwater commercial aquaculture. Current larval burbot rearing involves providing live prey for initial feeding. Two trials were conducted to investigate the reduction of live prey for larval burbot. In Trial 1, five treatments were evaluated: the control group (C) received rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia spp. from 11‐50 days post‐hatch (DPH). Treatment one (Trt 1) had live feeds from 11‐78 DPH, treatment two (Trt 2) received only microparticulate diets, treatment three (Trt 3) fed rotifers at 11‐22 DPH and Gemma microparticulate diets at 21‐50 DPH, while treatment four (Trt 4) had rotifers at 11‐20 DPH, then co‐feeding of Artemia spp. and EZ Artemia (liquid Artemia replacement) at 21‐32 DPH, followed by EZ Artemia at 33‐40 DPH. Trial 1 revealed that providing EZ Artemia reduced the live feeding period by 17 days, but survival and growth were significantly lower compared to the control. In Trial 2, five feeding treatments were assessed: the control group (C) was the same as in Trial 1. Treatment one (Trt 1) received rotifers at 11‐25 DPH and EZ Artemia at 20‐50 DPH; treatment two (Trt 2) had Artemia spp. from 11‐30 DPH and EZ Artemia at 25‐50 DPH; treatment three (Trt 3) received only EZ Artemia; treatment four (Trt 4) had Artemia spp. at 11‐21 DPH followed by co‐feeding of Artemia spp. and Gemma Wean at 22‐32 DPH, and exclusive feeding of Gemma Wean from 33‐78 DPH. Survival rates ranged from 0% to 30.94%, with Trt 1, Trt 2, and Trt 4 reducing the live feeding period by 17‐24 days. Survival for Trt 1 and Trt 2 groups did not significantly differ from the control. Overall, these studies demonstrate that eliminating rotifers or Artemia during burbot larviculture can be achieved with minimal adverse effects on survival and growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing early weaning protocols for Burbot larvae

Matuha,

Oliver,

Bruce

et al. 2023

N American J Aquac

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“…This study aimed to first describe the larval development and digestive ontogeny of Blackbanded Sunfish via digestive enzyme quantification and histological characterization of the digestive tract. The ontogeny of digestive enzymes, such as the pancreatic enzymes trypsin (enzyme number 3.4.21.4) and lipase (3.1.1.13) and the acidic protease pepsin (3.4.23.1), has been characterized in several other studies to help describe the digestive development of various food fish and ornamental fish species (Faulk et al 2007;Faulk and Holt 2009;Thompson et al 2019;Lipscomb et al 2020b;Chen et al 2022;Murray et al 2023). Histological and histochemical methods have also been used to visualize the changes in digestive tract morphology and stomach functionality during the larval period (Lipscomb et al 2020b;Murray et al 2023).…”

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ontogeny of digestive enzymes, such as the pancreatic enzymes trypsin (enzyme number 3.4.21.4) and lipase (3.1.1.13) and the acidic protease pepsin (3.4.23.1), has been characterized in several other studies to help describe the digestive development of various food fish and ornamental fish species (Faulk et al 2007;Faulk and Holt 2009;Thompson et al 2019;Lipscomb et al 2020b;Chen et al 2022;Murray et al 2023). Histological and histochemical methods have also been used to visualize the changes in digestive tract morphology and stomach functionality during the larval period (Lipscomb et al 2020b;Murray et al 2023). Traditional hematoxylin and eosin staining can help to elucidate the changes in digestive structures, such as intestinal folding and stomach gastric gland development.…”

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining has been used to identify the presence of neutral mucopolysaccharides secreted by the stomach epithelium once gastric glands become active to protect against the acidic environment of the lumen (Faccioli et al 2016). Additionally, the larval mouth gape height can be measured and used to approximate the appropriate diet size at certain life stages (Wittenrich et al 2007;Murray et al 2023).…”

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using digestive physiology to develop larval culture protocols for the Blackbanded Sunfish, a threatened centrarchid native to the United States

Murray,

Lipscomb,

Wood

et al. 2024

N American J Aquac

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ObjectiveThe Blackbanded Sunfish Enneacanthus chaetodon is a small centrarchid that is endemic to slow‐moving waters from New Jersey to central Florida, United States. The distribution of this species has been increasingly fragmented, primarily due to habitat degradation. The development of larval culture protocols is essential to produce this species for the aquarium trade and for potential restoration efforts. To streamline the production process, larvae should be transitioned from live feeds to inert diets as early as possible without sacrificing larval growth or survival.MethodsA developmental trial was conducted to determine the timing of digestive tract maturation, which indicates the ability of larvae to better digest inert microdiets (MDs). Blackbanded Sunfish larvae were sampled 12 times from 2 days posthatch (dph; notochord length [mean ± SD] = 4.38 ± 0.22 mm) to 50 dph (total length [TL] = 9.89 ± 1.64 mm) for subsequent analysis of digestive enzyme activity (via microplate assays) and digestive system morphology (via histology). A dietetics trial was conducted to determine the most appropriate commercial MD for this species at early life stages by testing the efficacy of three different MDs against a reference diet of brine shrimp Artemia nauplii. Lastly, a weaning trial was conducted to determine the earliest time point at which MDs should be introduced during the larval period.ResultBlackbanded Sunfish larvae transitioned from agastric to gastric digestion at approximately 40 dph (7.95 ± 0.86 mm TL), as determined by the presence of gastric glands and pepsin activity. In the dietetics trial, certain MDs yielded higher survival than others; however, all diets performed equally when considering the TL of the larvae. In the weaning trial, the highest survival was found when larvae were fed Artemia nauplii exclusively or when an MD was introduced at 48 dph (10.62 ± 1.88 mm TL).ConclusionLarval Blackbanded Sunfish may require up to 48 days of live feeds before introducing MDs but can be successfully transitioned to MDs after 48 dph without significantly affecting survival or growth.

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