Characterizing Spatial and Energetic Distributions of Trap States Toward Highly Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics

Abstract

Due to their greater opt electric performance, perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) present huge potential to be commercialized. Perovskite PV’s high theoretical efficiency expands the available development area. The passivation of defects in perovskite films is crucial for approaching the theoretical limit. In addition to creating efficient passivation techniques, it is essential to direct the passivation approach by getting precise and real‐time information on the trap states through measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to establish quantitative characterization methods for the trap states in energy and 3D spaces. The authors cover the characterization of the spatial and energy distributions of trap states in this article with an eye toward high‐efficiency perovskite photovoltaics. After going over the strategies that have been created for characterizing and evaluating trap states, the authors will concentrate on how to direct the creative development of characterization techniques for trap states assessment and highlight the opportunities and challenges of future development. The 3D space and energy distribution mappings of trap states are anticipated to be realized. The review will give key guiding importance for further approaching the theoretical efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics, offering some future research direction and technological assistance for the development of appropriate targeted passivation technologies.

Characterization of Recombination Phenomena in Perovskites from Logarithmic and Power-Law Spectroscopy Transients

“…Various phenomena detailed in Figure c, like radiative recombination, carrier capture by empty traps, emission from filled traps, trap-assisted recombination, Auger recombination, etc., need to be accounted for in such a theoretical formalism. Further, the same formalism should consider not just single-level traps but complex trap distributions, − like band tail states, trapping centers, etc., in a pulsed mode of operation, which can be computationally intensive. In fact, most of the recent modeling efforts on perovskites rely on oversimplified models, which are ill-equipped to handle the influences of diverse defect/trap distributions and the associated trapping-emission-limited regime with nonexponential transients (detailed arguments in this regard are provided in Section ).…”