Characterizing Sleep in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Goldman, Suzanne E.; Alder, Megan L.; Burgess, Helen J.; Corbett, Blythe A.; Hundley, Rachel; Wofford, D; Fawkes, Diane; Wang, L.; Laudenslager, Mark L.; Malow, Beth A.

doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3089-1

Cited by 92 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Similar to previous cross‐sectional research from childhood to middle age (Baker & Richdale, ; Goldman et al, ; Souders et al, ), we found significantly poorer sleep quantity and quality in our ASD participants with ID compared to controls, together with daytime sedentary behavior, nocturnal activation and a consistent phase advance in circadian rhythms. The latter has been previously reported in children (Tatsumi et al, ) and in a small number of ASD adults [Baker & Richdale, ; Hare et al, ; Limoges et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Increased sleep onset latency (SoL) and wakes after sleep onset (WASO). SoL and WASO, more frequent nocturnal awakenings, decreased total sleep and lower sleep efficiency are variously reported in cognitively able adolescents and adults on the autism spectrum [Baker & Richdale, ; Baker & Richdale, ; Goldman et al, ; Hare et al, ; Limoges et al, ; Tani et al, ]. Impaired sleep in adults with ASD and ID also is reported as related to severe challenging behaviors [Matson et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Hare, Jones, and Evershed () reported that sleep measures in a small group of adults with autism and ID did not differ from adults with ID alone. Similarly, cognitively able autistic adults are reported to have increased insomnia symptoms, including increased sleep latency, poor sleep efficiency, shorter night sleep, and advanced or delayed circadian sleep–wake rhythms [Baker & Richdale, ; Baker & Richdale, ; Goldman et al, ; Hare et al, , ; Limoges, Mottron, Bolduc, Berthiaume, & Godbout, ; Tani et al, ). Causes for sleep abnormalities are likely to be multifactorial, such as neurotransmitter abnormalities (e.g., serotonin) [Anderson & Lombroso, ; Malow et al, ), medical problems (e.g., gastrointestinal disorders [Klukowski, Wasilewska, & Lebensztejn, ), epilepsy (Kaleyias et al, ]), psychopathology [Nadeau et al, ; Richdale, Baker, Short, & Gradisar, ] or behavioral etiologies (e.g., poor sleep habits [Malow et al, ; Reynolds & Malow, ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability

Ballester

Martı́nez

Javaloyes³

et al. 2018

Autism Research

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Sleep problems (SP) are recognized as a common comorbid condition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can influence core autism symptoms and mental and physical health. SPs can be lifelong and have been reported that adults on the autistic spectrum with and without intellectual disability (ID) present SPs (longer sleep latency, frequent night awakenings, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders). A prospective, objective sleep study was conducted in 41 adults with ASD (33 AE 6 years old) and ID and 51 typically developing adults (33 AE 5 years old) using ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) recording wrist temperature, motor activity, body position, sleep, and light intensity. The findings indicated that individuals with ASD presented sleep difficulties including low sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latency and increased number and length of night awakenings, together with daily sedentary behavior, and increased nocturnal activity. Furthermore, indications of an advanced sleepwake phase disorder were found in these autistic adults. Examining sleep and markers of the circadian system showed significant differences between adults with ASD and ID and an age-matched, healthy adult population. The sleep disturbances described for this sample of adults with ASD and ID are similar to those of already described for adults with ASD without ID; their relationship with intellectual ability should be further studied. Improving knowledge of sleep patterns in ASD adults with ID might help to designed targeted interventions to improve their functioning and reduce family stress. Autism Research 2019, 12: 66-79.Lay Summary: SPs are very frequent in autism from childhood to adulthood. We recorded sleep with a watch-like device in adults with autism and ID and compared sleep patterns with nonautistic volunteers. Results showed poorer sleep conditions in adults with autism (increased sleep latency and number/length of night awakenings) that resulted in decreased sleep efficiency. Increasing knowledge of the SPs in adults on the autism spectrum will allow to improve their and their families' quality of life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability

Ballester

Martı́nez

Javaloyes³

et al. 2018

Autism Research

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“…Patients may experience stress not only as a result of being sedated under general anesthesia, but also by taking what may seem like a daunting visit to the hospital. Patients with autism spectrum disorder commonly present with sleep disorders even under normal living conditions, and there are studies that have indicated the association between sleep disorder and self‐harming behavior …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of general anesthesia on postoperative sleep cycles in dentally disabled patients

Ayuse

Kurata

Sanuki

et al. 2018

Special Care in Dentistry

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Aims:Although it has been reported that general anesthesia affect the perioperative sleep cycle, no studies have yet evaluated how general anesthesia affects dentally disabled patients. In this study, we investigated the alteration of perioperative sleep cycles in dentally disabled patients receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia. Subjects and methods:The study included 16 patients receiving dental procedures under general anesthesia. Using a sleep monitoring mat, the patients' sleep cycles were measured at home from 5 days before the scheduled surgery date until 5 days after discharge following general anesthesia. The change in all the variables of sleep cycles were analyzed in comparison to the value in preoperative period. Daily differences in these variables were assessed for statistical analysis. Results:The percentage of deep sleep (Stages 3 and 4) decreased significantly on postoperative day 1, and the percentage of light sleep increased. Furthermore, sleep cycles were significantly extended on postoperative day 1. Conclusion:The percentage of deep sleep decreased significantly on postoperative day 1 while the percentage of light sleep increased. Sleep cycles were also significantly extended on postoperative day 1. These results reveal that the sleep cycle is somehow affected on the first day following general anesthesia.

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“…In the presented disorders, the clinical picture is heterogeneous [10] and the etiology is still unclear [11].Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be defined based on the diagnostic criteria which include communication and social interaction disorders and limited repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. In addition to the fundamental symptoms, many patients also present with anxiety attacks, (self)-aggression, mood disorders, and sleep difficulties [12,13]. The first symptoms of autism are observed already in early childhood and usually persist throughout life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin Treatment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder—A Review of the Literature

Rzepka-Migut¹,

Paprocka

2020

Brain Sciences

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with disturbed melatonin secretion profile and sleep problems. The growing incidence of ASD and ADHD inspires scientists to research the underlying causes of these conditions. The authors focused on two fundamental aspects, the first one being the presentation of the role of melatonin in ASD and ADHD and the second of the influence of melatonin treatment on sleep disorders. The authors present the use of melatonin both in the context of causal and symptomatic treatment and discuss melatonin supplementation: Dosage patterns, effectiveness, and safety. Sleep disorders may have a different clinical picture, so the assessment of exogenous melatonin efficacy should also refer to a specific group of symptoms. The review draws attention to the wide range of doses of melatonin used in supplementation and the need to introduce unified standards especially in the group of pediatric patients.Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 219 2 of 21 requiring flexibility and behavioral problems [9]. In the presented disorders, the clinical picture is heterogeneous [10] and the etiology is still unclear [11].Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be defined based on the diagnostic criteria which include communication and social interaction disorders and limited repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. In addition to the fundamental symptoms, many patients also present with anxiety attacks, (self)-aggression, mood disorders, and sleep difficulties [12,13]. The first symptoms of autism are observed already in early childhood and usually persist throughout life. An increase in the incidence of ASD has been reported over recent years. According to the CDC's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) report in 2000 the incidence of ASD was estimated at 1 in 150 children, in 2014 this incidence was 1 diagnosis in 59 children at the age of 8 [14]. The causes of this tendency may be different, e.g., a higher standard of medical and diagnostic care [15], higher social awareness, and the older age of parents at childbearing [16,17]. The etiology of ASD is most likely multifactorial [11], being the result of genetic and environmental factors [6]. Hallmayer et al. indicated the predominance of environmental factors, estimating the shared environmental component to be 58% and heritability to 38%. This distribution was similar among women and men [18]. So far multiple potential risk factors for ASD have been reported in the literature, including the use of illicit drugs during pregnancy, medications, organophosphate pesticides [19], fatty acid deficiency [20], gestational diabetes, and low birth weight [11]. Despite numerous scientific studies, no genetic abnormality that would account for more than 1% of ASD has been identified yet [11]. One of the hypothesis defines ASD as a collection of many forms of a rare monogenic disorder with a different etiology [21]. Ten percent of ASD can be explained as a component of a specific genetic sy...

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Characterizing Sleep in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 92 publications

References 49 publications

Sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability

Sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability

Effects of general anesthesia on postoperative sleep cycles in dentally disabled patients

Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin Treatment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder—A Review of the Literature

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