Characterizing short-fiber-reinforced composites produced using additive manufacturing

Ivey, M.; Melenka, Garrett W.; Carey, Jason P.; Ayranci, Cagri

doi:10.1080/20550340.2017.1341125

Cited by 82 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As AM has moved progressively from prototyping to fabrication, FRAM and the use of high-performance materials with short and continuous fiber reinforcements [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] have drawn increasing attention in the pursuit of increasing the specific stiffness of AM parts. The consideration of infill patterns and the placement of fibers has thereby become more important, as the in-plane anisotropy is exacerbated.…”

Section: Fiber-reinforced Additive Manufacturing (Fram)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured Fiber-Reinforced Functionally Graded Lattices

Plocher

Panesar

2019

JOM

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Latticing has become a common design practice in additive manufacturing (AM) and represents a key lightweighting strategy to date. Functional graded lattices (FGLs) have recently gained immense traction in the AM community, offering a unique way of tailoring the structural performance. This paper constitutes the first ever investigation on the combination of graded strut-and surface-based lattices with fiber-reinforced AM to further increase the performance-to-weight ratio. The energy absorption behavior of cubic lattice specimens composed of body-centered cubic and Schwarz-P unit cells with different severities of grading but the same mass, considered for uniaxial compression testing and printed by fused deposition modelling of short fiberreinforced nylon, were investigated. The results elucidate that grading affects the energy absorption capability and deformation behavior of these lattice types differently. These findings can provide engineers with valuable insight into the properties of FGLs, aiding targeted rather than expertise-driven utilization of lattices in design for AM.

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Section: Fiber-reinforced Additive Manufacturing (Fram)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured Fiber-Reinforced Functionally Graded Lattices

Plocher

Panesar

2019

JOM

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“…Incorporation of particles, fibers or nanomaterial reinforcements into polymers permits the fabrication of polymer matrix composites that are characterized by high performance and excellent functionality [7,8,31]. Various reinforcement, such as short fibers, including chopped carbon or glass fibers, have been used in a limited number of studies with a moderate improvement of mechanical properties [10,24,32,33,34,35,36,37]. In most studies, short fibers were embedded in ABS or Nylon thermoplastic filaments, prior to being loaded into the printer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of PLA-Based Composites Using Fused Filament Fabrication: Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties, Dimensional Accuracy and Texture

et al. 2019

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a promising additive manufacturing (AM) technology due to its ability to build thermoplastics parts with advantages in the design and optimization of models with complex geometries, great design flexibility, recyclability and low material waste. This technique has been extensively used for the manufacturing of conceptual prototypes rather than functional components due to the limited mechanical properties of pure thermoplastics parts. In order to improve the mechanical performance of 3D printed parts based on polymeric materials, reinforcements including nanoparticles, short or continuous fibers and other additives have been adopted. The addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to plastic and polymers is currently under investigation as a promising method to improve their working conditions due to the good mechanical, electrical and thermal performance exhibited by graphene. Although research shows particularly promising improvement in thermal and electrical conductivities of graphene-based nanocomposites, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of graphene nanoplatelet reinforcement on the mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy and surface texture of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) structures manufactured by a desktop 3D printer. The effect of build orientation was also analyzed. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of failure samples were evaluated to determine the effects of process parameters on failure modes. It was observed that PLA-Graphene composite samples showed, in general terms, the best performance in terms of tensile and flexural stress, particularly in the case of upright orientation (about 1.5 and 1.7 times higher than PLA and PLA 3D850 samples, respectively). In addition, PLA-Graphene composite samples showed the highest interlaminar shear strength (about 1.2 times higher than PLA and PLA 3D850 samples). However, the addition of GNPs tended to reduce the impact strength of the PLA-Graphene composite samples (PLA and PLA 3D850 samples exhibited an impact strength about 1.2–1.3 times higher than PLA-Graphene composites). Furthermore, the addition of graphene nanoplatelets did not affect, in general terms, the dimensional accuracy of the PLA-Graphene composite specimens. In addition, PLA-Graphene composite samples showed, in overall terms, the best performance in terms of surface texture, particularly when parts were printed in flat and on-edge orientations. The promising results in the present study prove the feasibility of 3D printed PLA-graphene composites for potential use in different applications such as biomedical engineering.

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“…Moreover, variation in the thermal characteristics occurs between different strands, though the degree of crystallinity of the polymer at the top and side strands is usually lower due to faster cooling and that of the bottom layers is determined by the build platform temperature, that is, higher temperature favors obtaining higher crystallinity . In order to complete the crystallization of PLA, either in pure form or constituting the matrix of a composite, that is, to increase the crystallinity degree of the material processed by various thermal and solvent methods, a subsequent annealing treatment may be required …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of FDM‐PLA Parts via Thermal Annealing

Wach

Wolszczak

Adamus-Włodarczyk

2018

Macro Materials & Eng

150

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The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of enhancing mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) samples processed by a rapid manufacturing (RM) technique by increasing PLA crystallinity degree via thermal annealing. The samples are manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) at different temperatures and subsequently evaluated by three‐point bending flexural and tensile tests. The polymer processed at 215 °C is thermally annealed over its glass transition temperature in order to increase the degree of crystallinity to the maximum attainable level as measured by the differential scanning calorimetry and confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The increase in the degree of crystallinity of FDM‐PLA enhances flexural stress of the samples by 11–17%. The study also demonstrates applicability of radiation sterilization for FDM‐PLA parts. Therefore, thermal annealing might be introduced into a standard RM technology of PLA, particularly for sterilizable customized implants, to efficiently improve their mechanical properties.

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Characterizing short-fiber-reinforced composites produced using additive manufacturing

Cited by 82 publications

References 22 publications

Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured Fiber-Reinforced Functionally Graded Lattices

Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured Fiber-Reinforced Functionally Graded Lattices

Additive Manufacturing of PLA-Based Composites Using Fused Filament Fabrication: Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties, Dimensional Accuracy and Texture

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of FDM‐PLA Parts via Thermal Annealing

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