Characterizing relationships between personal exposures to VOCs and socioeconomic, demographic, behavioral variables

Wang, Shengwei; Majeed, Majid; Chu, Pei-Ling; Lin, Hui-Chih

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.032

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Socioeconomic and demographic factors have been found to have a significant effect on time-activity patterns in population cohorts (Wang et al, 2009). Previous studies have reported age and gender as primary attributes that influence time-activity patterns in the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of residential indoor and transportation activity times in Korea

Yang

Lee

Yoon

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Information on time spent in microenvironments has a critical role for personal exposure to environmental pollutants. Unlike several large-scale studies in Western countries, no comprehensive research on time-activity patterns for exposure assessment has been conducted in Korea. We investigated determinants of residential indoor and transportation times of individuals over 10-years old in the Korean population. The population-based study collected time-activity patterns of 31,634 Koreans for two consecutive days. The residential indoor and transportation times were collected for a weekday and a weekend day. The impact of sociodemographic factors on time-activity was assessed using multiple linear regression models. The residential indoor times were 14.23 h for the weekday and 16.13 h for the weekend and shorter than those in Western countries. The transportation times were 1.75 h for the weekday and 1.68 h for the weekend day. The most significant factors in residential indoor time were employment status, age, monthly income, and gender for the weekday and employment status and gender for the weekend day. The factors in transportation were gender, employment status, and monthly income for the weekday and gender, employment status, age, and marriage status for the weekend day. Determinants of the time-activity pattern need to be taken into account in exposure assessment, epidemiological analyses, and exposure simulations, as well as in the development of preventive strategies. As Korean population activity patterns are substantially different from those in Western countries such as USA, Germany, and UK, this information could be critical for exposure assessment in Korea and other Asian countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information on time spent in microenvironments has a critical role in individuals' exposure assessment (Wang et al, 2009). The World Health Organization indicates modeling as one of the major methodologies for assessing exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of residential indoor and transportation activity times in Korea

Yang

Lee

Yoon

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The number of determinants is large and includes many environmental factors. Elevated exposures have been associated with low ventilation rates and closed windows (D’Souza et al, 2009; Riederer et al, 2009; Sexton et al, 2007; Symanski et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2009), house type (Byun et al, 2010; Riederer et al, 2009), years lived in home (D’Souza et al, 2009), and fireplaces in the home (Delgado-Saborit et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VOC exposure has been related to ethnicity (Riederer et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2009). Occupation clearly affects exposure, e.g., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) exposure has been linked to service station and vehicle repair jobs (Jo and Song, 2001), and pinene, limonene, toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene have been associated with cleaning jobs (Wolkoff et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occupation clearly affects exposure, e.g., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) exposure has been linked to service station and vehicle repair jobs (Jo and Song, 2001), and pinene, limonene, toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene have been associated with cleaning jobs (Wolkoff et al, 1998). Machine-related jobs have been linked to BTEX exposure (D’Souza et al, 2009), and time at work/school has been associated with benzene, ethylbenzene, xylene and tetrachloroethene (PERC) exposure (Wang et al, 2009). However, effects of occupation on VOC exposures for the general public rarely have been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of personal, indoor and outdoor VOC concentrations: An analysis of the RIOPA data

Mukherjee²,

Batterman

2013

Environmental Research

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Community and environmental exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been associated with a number of emission sources and activities, e.g., environmental tobacco smoke and pumping gasoline. Such factors have been identified from mostly small studies with relatively limited information regarding influences on VOC levels. This study uses data from the Relationship of Indoor Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study to investigate environmental, individual and social determinants of VOC concentrations. RIOPA included outdoor, indoor and personal measurements of 18 VOCs from 310 non-smoking households and adults in three cities and two seasons, and collected a wide range of information pertaining to participants, family members, households, and neighborhoods. Exposure determinants were identified using stepwise regressions and linear mixed-effect models. Most VOC exposure (66 to 78% of the total exposure, depending on VOC) occurred indoors, and outdoor VOC sources accounted for 5 (d-limonene) to 81% (carbon tetrachloride) of the total exposure. Personal exposure and indoor measurements had similar determinants, which depended on the VOC. Gasoline-related VOCs (e.g., benzene, methyl tertiary butyl ether) were associated with city, residences with attached garages, self-pumping of gas, wind speed, and house air exchange rate (AER). Odorant and cleaning-related VOCs (e.g., 1,4-dichlorobenzene and chloroform) also were associated with city and AER, and with house size and family members showering. Dry-cleaning and industry-related VOCs (e.g., tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene) were associated with city, residence water supply type, and dry-cleaner visits. These and other relationships were significant, explained from 10 to 40% of the variation, and are consistent with known emission sources and the literature. Outdoor concentrations had only two common determinants: city and wind speed. Overall, personal exposure was dominated by the home setting, although a large fraction of VOC concentrations were due to outdoor sources. City, personal activities, household characteristics and meteorology were significant determinants.

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