Characterizing Mineral Dusts and Other Aerosols from the Middle East—Part 1: Ambient Sampling

Engelbrecht, Johann P.; McDonald, Eric V.; Gillies, John A.; Jayanty, R. K. M.; Casuccio, Gary; Gertler, Alan W.

doi:10.1080/08958370802464273

Cited by 193 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The general geology of Afghanistan encompasses extensive terrains of both acidic and mafic rocks, while similar mineralogical composition of dust (i.e. dominance of quartz, but lower percentage of calcite) was found at the Bagram and Khowst sites located in eastern Afghanistan [44]. More specifically, they found that these sites are underlain by loess (wind deposited silt), sand, clay and alluvium containing gravel.…”

Section: Mass Percentage (%) Datementioning

confidence: 92%

“…To the best of our knowledge there are currently no published studies about the geochemical characteristics and dust mineralogy in this region. Moreover, nearby locations, Bagram and Khowst in Afghanistan, were selected for analyzing the mineralogical dust composition, major and trace elements within the framework of the Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program (EPMSP) campaign [44]. Furthermore, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of dust were recently examined at Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran [72].…”

Section: Mineralogical Characteristics Of Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical formulas of the main mineralogical components are given in [96], as well as the chemical reactions of dust with atmospheric constituents and trace gases during the dust life cycle. The mineralogical composition corresponds to screened samples with diameter <75 μm and can constitute an indication of both regional geology and wind transported dust that is deposited in local soils [44].…”

Section: Mineralogical Characteristics Of Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…variable size distribution or chemical composition amongst others) and origins (anthropogenic and natural). Owing to this mixture of substances, the chemical composition of PM may vary widely as a function of emission sources and the subsequent chemical reactions which take place in the atmosphere [43][44][45].The chemical mass balance is the most commonly used method for assessing PM source contributions [46], while statistical methods, such as factor analysis and multi-linear regression [47], have also produced interesting results regarding dust source identification. Elemental and mineralogical analyses have also been used to identify the source regions of dust deposited in Arctic ice caps [48] and on other depositional surfaces [49,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of Permanent Lake Surfaces, and Their Consequences for Dust Aerosols and Air Quality: The Hamoun Lakes of the Sistan Area, Iran

Rashki¹,

Kaskaoutis²,

Rautenbach³

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Aerosols - Regional Characteristics - Chemistry and Physics

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Section: Mass Percentage (%) Datementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Mineralogical Characteristics Of Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mineralogical Characteristics Of Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Changes of Permanent Lake Surfaces, and Their Consequences for Dust Aerosols and Air Quality: The Hamoun Lakes of the Sistan Area, Iran

Rashki¹,

Kaskaoutis²,

Rautenbach³

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Aerosols - Regional Characteristics - Chemistry and Physics

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“…A significant knowledge gap was a lack of the physical and chemical characterization of the PM and assessment of its toxicity. In response to this recommendation, the US Army Public Health Command (USAPHC) commenced the Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program which collected ambient PM from 15 locations throughout the Central Command area of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan over approximately a year and extensively characterized the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties [Engelbrecht et al 2009]. The study demonstrated the three main air pollutant types to be geological dust, smoke from burn pits, and heavy metal condensates.…”

Section: Environmental Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and management of chronic lung disease in deployed military personnel

Morris

Lucero

Zanders

et al. 2013

Ther Adv Respir Dis

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Abstract:Military personnel are a unique group of individuals referred to the pulmonary physician for evaluation. Despite accession standards that limit entrance into the military for individuals with various pre-existing lung diseases, the most common disorders found in the general population such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remain frequently diagnosed. Military personnel generally tend to be a more physically fit population who are required to exercise on a regular basis and as such may have earlier presentations of disease than their civilian counterparts. Exertional dyspnea is a common complaint; establishing a diagnosis may be challenging given the subtle nature of symptoms and lack of specificity with pulmonary function testing. The conflicts over the past 10 years in Iraq and Afghanistan have also given rise to new challenges for deployed military. Various respiratory hazards in the deployed environment include suspended geologic dusts, burn pits, vehicle exhaust emissions, industrial air pollution, and isolated exposure incidents and may give rise to both acute respiratory symptoms and chronic lung disease. In the evaluation of deployed military personnel, establishing the presence of actual pulmonary disease and the relationship of existing disease to deployment is an ongoing issue to both military and civilian physicians. This paper reviews the current evidence for chronic lung disease in the deployed military population and addresses any differences in diagnosis and management.

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The role of Iraqi dust in inducing lung injury in United States soldiers—An interdisciplinary study

et al. 2017

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United States soldiers are returning from the Greater Middle East with respiratory illnesses ranging from new onset asthma to constrictive bronchiolitis. The etiologies of the diseases are unknown. A study was conducted to determine the possible role of local mineral dust in the development of abnormal respiratory illnesses in soldiers during and after deployment in Iraq. A dust sample obtained in proximity to a burn pit in Camp Victory, Iraq (Camp Victory dust) was characterized both chemically and mineralogically. For comparison, a dust sample from Fort Irwin, California (Fort Irwin dust) was also collected. The ability of the dust samples to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified, as well as their ability to generate an inflammatory stress response (ISR) in human lung epithelial cells. Both samples are composed of common silicate and carbonate minerals and contain heavy metals with concentration ranges expected for mineral dust. The ISR generated by each sample was within the range of inert material with the minimal stress generated associated with the carbonate phases. The findings based on this one sample suggest that the origin of the disease is not driven by the particles ability to generate ROS. However, it is likely that particle overload and associated complications, or endotoxin contributes extensively to pathogenesis.

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Characterizing Mineral Dusts and Other Aerosols from the Middle East—Part 1: Ambient Sampling

Cited by 193 publications

References 4 publications

Changes of Permanent Lake Surfaces, and Their Consequences for Dust Aerosols and Air Quality: The Hamoun Lakes of the Sistan Area, Iran

Changes of Permanent Lake Surfaces, and Their Consequences for Dust Aerosols and Air Quality: The Hamoun Lakes of the Sistan Area, Iran

Diagnosis and management of chronic lung disease in deployed military personnel

The role of Iraqi dust in inducing lung injury in United States soldiers—An interdisciplinary study

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