Characterizing Microbiota from Sjögren’s Syndrome Patients

Abstract

Objective: To compare the oral microbiota of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) with that of healthy subjects (HS). Methods: Supragingival and subgingival biofilm samples were collected from the mesial-buccal tooth surfaces of SS patients (n = 57) and age- and sex-matched HS (n = 53). Unstimulated saliva and 8 oral tissue samples were taken using a buccal brush. Caries and periodontal measures were recorded. All supragingival samples and a subgroup of 24 SS and 28 HS subgingival samples, as well as 32 SS and 11 HS saliva and oral tissue samples, were analyzed for their content of 41 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Mean levels (×105 ± SEM) and percentage of DNA probe counts of each species were determined for each sample site and averaged within subjects in the 2 clinical groups. Kruskal-Wallis tests, adjusting for multiple comparisons and cluster analysis, were used for soft tissue and microbial analysis, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare caries and periodontal measures. Results: Mean (×105 ± SEM) total DNA probe counts in supragingival samples were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the SS (13.3 ± .7) compared to the HS (44.1 ± 6.8) group. In supragingival samples, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincenti, and Propionibacterium acnes were markedly elevated in the SS compared to the HS group in both mean (×105 ± SEM) and mean (± SEM) percentage DNA probe counts (P < 0.001). In subgingival samples of SS, V. parvula was significantly different compared to HS (P < 0.05). SS was characterized by high levels of purple and low levels of orange and red complexes. Cluster analysis of oral tissues and saliva demonstrated that the mean microbial profiles for SS patients and the HS group clustered separately. Active root caries (P < 0.003) and attachment loss were significantly higher (P < 0.029) in the SS group compared to the HS group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that saliva is a major controlling factor of intraoral biofilm. V. parvula may be a unique microbial biomarker for Sjögren’s syndrome. Knowledge Transfer Statement The microbiome characterized for Sjögren’s syndrome in salivary hypofunction is shown to be under stress and reduced. Veillonella parvula can be a possible identification of a biomarker for Sjögren’s syndrome.

Low-Dose Doxycycline Treatment Normalizes Levels of Some Salivary Metabolites Associated with Oral Microbiota in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

“…We observed high levels of dipeptides, namely, tyrosine glutamine dipeptide, phenylalanine isoleucine dipeptide, and valine leucine dipeptide, and phenylalanine, in the saliva samples of patients with pSS. Previous reports have shown that pSS patients have dysbiosis in oral microbiota in bacterial species (e.g., Prevotella and Porphyromonas species) that can degrade proteins into smaller peptides and further into amino acids, such as phenylalanine [11,[13][14][15][16][17]. Moreover, high levels of dipeptides and phenylalanine in saliva have been associated with dysbiosis of oral microbiota in other oral pathologies, such as periodontitis [15,18].…”

Interconnections between the Oral and Gut Microbiomes: Reversal of Microbial Dysbiosis and the Balance between Systemic Health and Disease

“…Studies have also found lower Proteobacteria numbers and alpha diversity in the salivary microbiome of patients with SS and increased levels of Veillonella and Fusobacterium [51]. Veillonella parvula could be a potential biomarker for the early detection of SS [56]. P. gingivalis can induce reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a virus that is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of both SLE and SS [48,57].…”

A relevância da Síndrome de Sjögren na Oftalmologia e Odontologia e sua correlação com a qualidade de vida dos pacientes

“…Existe um enorme esforço em compreender o papel das comunidades microbianas complexas, especialmente as microbiotas orais, na patogênese de várias doenças (Singh et al,2020). A cavidade oral apresenta diferentes sítios anatômicos como dentes, sulco gengival, língua, bochecha e palato, os quais representam nichos para estudo das interações comunidadehospedeiro que resultam em disbiose.…”

“…um estudo observacional(SINGH et al, 2020) realizado com o objetivo de comparar a microbiota oral da SS com a de indivíduos saudáveis, observou-se na avaliação do biofilme encontrado na superfície supragengival a presença de diversas espécies em níveis mais elevados em indivíduos saudáveis, incluindo Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum e Fusobacterium nucleatum polimorfo ss, sendo Veillonella a única espécie significativamente mais elevada em pacientes com Sjögren.…”