Characterizing Hydrological Functioning of Three Large Karst Springs in the Salem Plateau, Missouri, USA

Sarker, Shishir; Fryar, Alan E.

doi:10.3390/hydrology9060096

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The geological structure of the 53 catchments considered here is characterized by a wide range of karst content [34]. It is known that karst potentially reduces or amplifies flood peaks and influences the catchment boundary due to the complex conditions for surface and groundwater flow [63,64]. A karst share influence on MAF prediction is implicitly shown in Figure 9, where it may be observed that MAF in catchments with high karst share (>50%) is generally underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Silhouette-Width-Induced Hierarchical Clustering for Defining Flood Estimation Regions

et al. 2023

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Flood quantile estimation in ungauged basins is often performed using regional analysis. A regionalization procedure consists of two phases: the definition of homogeneous regions among gauged basins, i.e., clusters of stations, and information transfer to the ungauged sites. Due to its simplicity and widespread use, a combination of hierarchical clustering by Ward’s algorithm and the index-flood method is applied in this research. While hierarchical clustering is very efficient, its shortcomings are the lack of flexibility in the definition of clusters/regions and the inability to transfer objects/stations from one cluster center to another. To overcome this, using silhouette width for induced clustering of stations in flood studies is proposed in this paper. A regionalization procedure is conducted on 53 gauging stations under a continental climate in the West Balkans. In the induced clustering, a negative silhouette width is used as an indicator for the relocation of station(s) to another cluster. The estimates of mean annual flood and 100-year flood quantiles assessed by the original and induced clustering are compared. A jackknife procedure is applied for mean annual flood estimation and 100-year flood quantiles. Both the Hosking–Wallis and Anderson–Darling bootstrap tests provide better results regarding the homogeneity of the defined regions for the induced clustering compared to the original one. The goodness-of-fit measures indicate improved clustering results by the proposed intervention, reflecting flood quantile estimation at the stations with significant overestimation by the original clustering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Silhouette-Width-Induced Hierarchical Clustering for Defining Flood Estimation Regions

et al. 2023

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“…Recession methods, which involve analysis of hydrographs, can provide information about the distribution of recharge (temporal and spatial) and storage properties of the surrounding aquifer [24][25][26][27][28]. Recession analysis has primarily been applied to surface water systems [29][30][31] but it also has been utilized for karst springs to examine temporal distribution of recharge, including both diffuse and rapid components [9,20,24,[32][33][34][35]. More recently, recession analysis has been conducted on cave drips to derive storage parameters for a karst aquifer [5], showing that recession methods can be useful tools for extracting a variety of hydrologic characteristics in karst systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade of Cave Drip Hydrographs Shows Spatial and Temporal Variability in Epikarst Storage and Recharge to Appalachian Karst Systems

et al. 2022

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We conducted recession analyses on cave drip hydrographs from a 10-year record (2008–2018) of three drip monitoring stations within James Cave (Pulaski County, VA, USA) to examine differences in hydrologic characteristics of the epikarst and quantify the storage volume of the epikarst feeding the drips. We used two recession analysis methods (correlation and matching strip) to calculate recession coefficients for multiple hydrographs at each site. Results show subtle differences between the three drip sites, suggestive of spatial heterogeneity in permeability and storage in the overlying epikarst. Storage volume calculations show that during the recharge season, up to 95% of recharge through the epikarst to the cave occurs through rapid pathways (i.e., fractures), and 5% of recharge occurs through diffuse pathways (i.e., pores). However, during the recession period, recharge through rapid pathways in the epikarst decreases and occurs predominantly through diffuse flow. Combined, these results underscore the importance of documenting spatial and temporal characterization of drip rates and other recharge inputs into karst systems.

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Deep-karst aquifer spring-flow trends in a water-limited system, Grand Canyon National Park, USA

Chambless,

Springer,

Evans

et al. 2023

Hydrogeol J

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Better characterization of the water resources of the Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) and World Heritage Site, USA, will inform management decisions regarding a proposed water supply intake from Bright Angel Creek (BAC) and will inform the associated forecasts on water security related to climate change and the impact on spring-dependent species. Characterization of the water supply for GRCA was improved through multiyear hydrograph analyses at five springs discharging from the Redwall-Muav (R) aquifer: Roaring Springs, Emmett Spring, At Last Spring, Tapeats Spring, and Abyss River Spring. Comparison of snowmelt response timing and mean recession coefficients among the five springs show no significant differences, indicating similar timing of snowmelt-related discharge and flow regimes across 50 km of horizontal and 1,000 m of vertical distance through the aquifer system. The mean water volumes discharged during snowmelt and the mean annual discharge are significantly different between Roaring Springs, Emmett Spring, Tapeats Spring, and Abyss River Spring. Linear regression analyses indicate no annual trends in any of the evaluated aquifer characteristics for any spring, except for more stable baseflow between recessions at Tapeats Spring. Water budgets calculated for Roaring Springs are imbalanced, suggesting missing outflow components, a need to refine the recharge region through dye trace studies, and inaccurate precipitation and evapotranspiration data, requiring model improvement. Continued hydrograph comparisons, trend analyses, and water budgets for additional years and springs will be useful for future groundwater modeling and for forecasting impacts on the R aquifer.

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Characterizing Hydrological Functioning of Three Large Karst Springs in the Salem Plateau, Missouri, USA

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

A Silhouette-Width-Induced Hierarchical Clustering for Defining Flood Estimation Regions

A Silhouette-Width-Induced Hierarchical Clustering for Defining Flood Estimation Regions

A Decade of Cave Drip Hydrographs Shows Spatial and Temporal Variability in Epikarst Storage and Recharge to Appalachian Karst Systems

Deep-karst aquifer spring-flow trends in a water-limited system, Grand Canyon National Park, USA

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