Characterizing gas flow from aerosol particle injectors

Horke, Daniel A.; Roth, Nils; Worbs, Lena; Küpper, Jochen

doi:10.1063/1.4978914

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Both, mean velocity and the width of the velocity distribution increased with distance from the ALS exit, consistent with recent observations [10]. We ascribe the increasing velocity to acceleration by the helium gas co-emerging from the ALS, hinting at the need to correlate this acceleration with measurements of the gas density [8] in future work. The observed velocities above 100 m/s show that the particles are fast enough to clear the interaction region with an x-ray beam in a typical single-particle imaging experiment in between two pulses, assuming a µm beam size, including tails, and the 4.4 MHz repetition rate of the EuXFEL [15].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Any characterization method for nanoparticle injectors would ideally reconstruct the full six-dimensional phase space of nanoparticles emitted, and would do so on-the-fly, in situ, non-destructive, and universally for any nanoparticle. Furthermore, the simultaneous characterization of sheath gas flows would be advantageous, but that seems to be well delegated to offline analysis [8]. None of the currently available nanoparticle-imaging methods fulfills all these requirements [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light-sheet imaging for the recording of transverse absolute density distributions of gas-phase particle-beams from nanoparticle injectors

Worbs¹,

Lübke²,

Roth³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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Imaging biological molecules in the gas-phase requires novel sample delivery methods, which generally have to be characterized and optimized to produce high-density particle beams. A non-destructive characterization method of the transverse particle beam profile is presented. It enables the characterization of the particle beam in parallel to the collection of, for instance, x-ray-diffraction patterns. As a rather simple experimental method, it requires the generation of a small laser-light sheet using a cylindrical telescope and a microscope. The working principle of this technique was demonstrated for the characterization of the fluid-dynamic-focusing behavior of 220 nm polystyrene beads as prototypical nanoparticles. The particle flux was determined and the velocity distribution was calibrated using Mie-scattering calculations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-sheet imaging for the recording of transverse absolute density distributions of gas-phase particle-beams from nanoparticle injectors

Worbs¹,

Lübke²,

Roth³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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“…The quick exchange of lenses to adjust for distinct samples would be advantageous for high-throughput experiments. Such an ALS setup is currently under development in our laboratory, along with further quantitative measurements of particle and absolute gas densities emerging from the injector [14,35], to benchmark and improve simulations by comparison to experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing aerodynamic lenses for single-particle imaging

Roth

Awel

Horke

et al. 2018

Journal of Aerosol Science

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A numerical simulation infrastructure capable of calculating the flow of gas and the trajectories of particles through an aerodynamic lens injector is presented. The simulations increase the fundamental understanding and predict optimized injection geometries and parameters. Our simulation results were compared to previous reports and also validated against experimental data for 500 nm polystyrene spheres from an aerosol-beamcharacterization setup. The simulations yielded a detailed understanding of the radial phase-space distribution and highlighted weaknesses of current aerosol injectors for single-particle diffractive imaging. With the aid of these simulations we developed new experimental implementations to overcome current limitations.

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“…Here, the room-temperature nanoparticles underwent rapid collisional thermalisation with the 4 K cold helium gas at typical densities of ∼10 16 cm −3 . The cooled nanoparticles were extracted through an exit aperture of 2 mm diameter into high vacuum, p < 10 −6 mbar, forming a collimated/focused particle beam [31], while the density of the helium gas dropped quickly [32]. Par-ticles were detected 10 mm after the exit of the cell by particle-localisation microscopy based on optical light scattering [30].…”

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confidence: 99%

Controlled beams of shock-frozen, isolated, biological and artificial nanoparticles

Samanta

Amin

Estillore

et al. 2020

Structural Dynamics

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X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) promise the diffractive imaging of single molecules and nanoparticles with atomic spatial resolution. This relies on the averaging of millions of diffraction patterns off identical particles, which should ideally be isolated in the gas phase and shockfrozen in their native structure. Here, we demonstrated that polystyrene nanospheres and Cydia pomonella granulovirus can be transferred into the gas phase, isolated, and very quickly shockfrozen, i. e., cooled to 4 K within microseconds in a helium-buffer-gas cell, much faster than state-of-the-art approaches. Nanoparticle beams emerging from the cell were characterised using particle-localisation microscopy with light-sheet illumination, which allowed for the full reconstruction of the particle beams, focused to < 100 µm, as well as for the determination of particle flux and number density. The experimental results were quantitatively reproduced and rationalised through particle-trajectory simulations. We propose an optimised setup with cooling rates for few-nanometers particles on nanoseconds timescales. The produced beams of shockfrozen isolated nanoparticles provide a breakthrough in sample delivery, e. g., for diffractive imaging and microscopy or low-temperature nanoscience.

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Characterizing gas flow from aerosol particle injectors

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Light-sheet imaging for the recording of transverse absolute density distributions of gas-phase particle-beams from nanoparticle injectors

Light-sheet imaging for the recording of transverse absolute density distributions of gas-phase particle-beams from nanoparticle injectors

Optimizing aerodynamic lenses for single-particle imaging

Controlled beams of shock-frozen, isolated, biological and artificial nanoparticles

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