Characterizing Crustal Earthquake Slip Models for the Prediction of Strong Ground Motion

Somerville, Paul; Irikura, Kojiro; Graves, Robert; Sawada, Sumio; Wald, David J.; Abrahamson, Norman A.; Iwasaki, Yoshinori; Kagawa, Takao; Smith, N. F.; Kowada, Akira

doi:10.1785/gssrl.70.1.59

Cited by 847 publications

(841 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The ratio of maximum slip to average slip in the deep part was assumed to be 2.8, similar to the shallow part Source Fujiwara et al (2013) a Slip is applied randomly across the fault using the CRSP model demonstrated that asperity accounts for 22 % (average), 10 % (minimum), and 40 % (maximum) of the area of the entire fault. When the fault asperity of the five cases generated in this study is calculated based on the above definition, the area ratio of asperity to total fault area (100,000 km 2 ) is in the range of 12.5-18.1 %, which agrees relatively well with the results of Somerville et al (1999); we believe it can appropriately express the heterogeneous slip distribution characteristics of actual fault slip.…”

Section: Shallow Areasupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The asperity area ratio in the fault for these five cases is shown in Table 3. Somerville et al (1999) defined asperity as the region having a slip that is at least 1.5 times greater than the average slip across a fault, and, based on analyzing the area of asperities of 15 past earthquakes, Boundary depth between shallow area and deep area : 15km Average slip rate : 3.0 [Ishii et al 2013] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stochastic analysis and uncertainty assessment of tsunami wave height using a random source parameter model that targets a Tohoku-type earthquake fault

Fukutani

Suppasri

Imamura

2014

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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We created a fault model with a Tohoku-type earthquake fault zone having a random slip distribution and performed stochastic tsunami hazard analysis using a logic tree. When the stochastic tsunami hazard analysis results and the Tohoku earthquake observation results were compared, the observation results of a GPS wave gauge off the southern Iwate coast indicated a return period equivalent to approximately 1,709 years (0.50 fractile), and the observation results of a GPS wave gauge off the shore of Fukushima Prefecture indicated a return period of 600 years (0.50 fractile). Analysis of the influence of the number of slip distribution patterns on the results of the stochastic tsunami hazard analysis showed that the number of slip distribution patterns considered greatly influenced the results of the hazard analysis for a relatively large wave height. When the 90 % confidence interval and coefficient of variation of tsunami wave height were defined as an index for projecting the uncertainty of tsunami wave height, the 90 % confidence interval was typically high in locations where the wave height of each fractile point was high. At a location offshore of the Boso Peninsula of Chiba Prefecture where the coefficient of variation reached the maximum, it was confirmed that variations in maximum wave height due to differences in slip distribution of the fault zone contributed to the coefficient of variation being large.

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Section: Shallow Areasupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic analysis and uncertainty assessment of tsunami wave height using a random source parameter model that targets a Tohoku-type earthquake fault

Fukutani

Suppasri

Imamura

2014

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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show abstract

“…The combined area of SMGA is approximately the half of the value expected by the empirical relationship between the combined area of asperities and seismic moment reported by Somerville et al (1999). This discrepancy may be due to the dispersion of the empirical relationship; the value of combined area of SMGA is within the spread in values of combined asperity areas used in determining the empirical relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Source parameters of the 2007 Noto Hanto earthquake sequence derived from strong motion records at temporary and permanent stations

et al. 2008

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A large crustal earthquake, the 2007 Noto Hanto earthquake, occurred west off the Noto peninsula in Ishikawa prefecture, Japan, on March 25, 2007. We started temporary strong motion observation at five sites within the aftershock area from about 13 h after the main shock occurrence. We first applied the spectral inversion method to S-wave strong ground motion records at the temporary and permanent stations. We obtained source specta of the main shock and aftershocks, Q s (quality factor for S-wave) values (Q s = 34.5 f 0.95 ) and site responses at 22 sites. We then estimated a source model of the main shock using the empirical Green's function method. The source model consists of three strong motion generation areas and well explains the observed records. Finally, we examined the consistency of the main-shock source models estimated from the above two analyses. The high-frequency level of the acceleration source spectrum based on the main-shock source model is consistent with the source spectrum estimated from the spectral inversion. The combined area of strong motion generation areas is approximately half of the value expected by the empirical relationship, and the high-frequency level of acceleration source spectrum is approximately 2.5 times larger than the empirical relationship for shallow inland and inter-plate earthquakes.

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“…2 Observed source spectral ratios of stations used for the source modeling (thin gray lines), the average observed source spectral ratios (thick black lines) and fitting source spectral ratio function (red lines) for a E1, b E2, c E3, d E4, e E5 and f E6 events, respectively. Solid and open triangles show stations used in the source spectral ratio analysis and forward EGF simulation for each event, respectively relationship between the seismic moment and the combined area of characterized asperities for the inland crustal earthquakes proposed by Somerville et al (1999). The SMGAs of these eight Nantou events seem to be smaller and follow certain self-similar scaling relationships with a higher stress drop.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We then estimated the static stress drop of these eight Nantou earthquakes from the SMGA and the seismic moment (Madariaga 1979;Boatwright 1988;Miyake et al 2003; Table 1): where r represents the equivalent radius for the SMGA (SMGA = πr 2 ) and R indicates the equivalent radius of the total rupture area, S (S = πR 2 ). We estimated S of these eight events from the inversion models of previous studies (Yen 2002;Chi and Dreger 2004;Lee et al 2015) according to the trimming criteria of Somerville et al (1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source characteristics of moderate-to-strong earthquakes in the Nantou area, Taiwan: insight from strong ground motion simulations

Wen

Chao

Yen³

et al. 2017

Earth Planets Space

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In Taiwan, the Nantou area is a seismically active region where several moderate events have occurred, causing some disasters during the past century. Here, we applied the strong ground motion simulation with the empirical Green's function method to investigate the source characteristics for the eight moderate blind-fault events that struck the Nantou area in 1999 and 2013. The results show that for these Nantou events, a high stress drop and focal depth dependence were noted, which might be related to the immature buried fault in this area. From the viewpoint of seismic hazard prevention and preparation, future earthquake scenarios that include high stress drop should be applied to more analyses, especially the moderate-to-large events originating from the immature blind faulting.

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Characterizing Crustal Earthquake Slip Models for the Prediction of Strong Ground Motion

Cited by 847 publications

References 28 publications

Stochastic analysis and uncertainty assessment of tsunami wave height using a random source parameter model that targets a Tohoku-type earthquake fault

Stochastic analysis and uncertainty assessment of tsunami wave height using a random source parameter model that targets a Tohoku-type earthquake fault

Source parameters of the 2007 Noto Hanto earthquake sequence derived from strong motion records at temporary and permanent stations

Source characteristics of moderate-to-strong earthquakes in the Nantou area, Taiwan: insight from strong ground motion simulations

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