Characterizing azobenzene disperse dyes in commercial mixtures and children's polyester clothing

Overdahl, Kirsten E.; Gooden, David M.; Bobay, Benjamin G.; Getzinger, Gordon J.; Stapleton, Heather M.; Ferguson, P. Lee

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117299

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A recent study was able to identify 12 different azo DDs in children's sports clothes purchased on the US market 12 . The majority of these dyes were also identified in the present study together with more than 50 other azo DDs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…A recent study was able to identify 12 different azo DDs in children's sports clothes purchased on the US market. 12 The majority of these dyes were also identified in the present study together with more than 50 other azo DDs. Further, our results suggest that dyestuffs used in the manufacturing process contain not only a complex mixture of DDs but also a variety of impurities and dye precursors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…However, in the review, it was pointed out that these compounds are only a tiny fraction of all possible allergenic DDs. Also, the relevant contact allergens among DDs in textile allergy can be very difficult to identify since the dyestuff used for textile colouring are often highly impure 11,12 . It has been shown previously that the DDs used for patch testing may contain numerous pollutants 13–15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the relevant contact allergens among DDs in textile allergy can be very difficult to identify since the dyestuff used for textile colouring are often highly impure. 11,12 It has been shown previously that the DDs used for patch testing may contain numerous pollutants. [13][14][15] A textile dye mix (TDM) with a totally of 6.6% (wt/wt) of eight DDs, the azo compounds Disperse Orange 1 and 3, Disperse Red 1 and 17, Disperse Yellow 3, Disperse Blue 106 and 124 and the anthraquinone dye Disperse Blue 35 (Figure 1), is now included in the European baseline series (EBS) for patch testing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Disperse azo dyes, arylamines and halogenated dinitrobenzene compounds in synthetic garments on the Swedish market

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Azobenzene disperse dyes (azo DDs) are well‐known as textile allergens, but the knowledge of their occurrence in garments is low. The numerous azo DDs and dye components found in textiles constitute a potential health risk, but only seven azo DDs are included in the European baseline patch test series (EBS). Objectives To investigate non‐regulated azo DDs and dye components in synthetic garments on the Swedish market. Methods High‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and computerized data mining. Results Sixty‐two azo DDs were detected, with Disperse Red 167:1 occurring in 67%, and 14 other DDs each found in >20% of the garments. Notably, the EBS dyes were less common, three even not detected, while arylamines were frequently detected and exceeded 1 mg/g in several garments. Also, halogenated dinitrobenzenes were identified in 25% of the textiles. Conclusion Azo DDs and dye components, in complex compositions and with large variations, occurred frequently in the synthetic garments. The arylamines were shown to occur at much higher levels compared to the azo DDs, suggesting the former constitute a potentially higher health risk. The role of arylamines and halogenated dinitrobenzenes in textile allergy has to be further investigated.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Disperse azo dyes, arylamines and halogenated dinitrobenzene compounds in synthetic garments on the Swedish market

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the other face of industrial development is the pollution of the environment, due to the release of toxic materials associated with different industries [1]. The presence of these materials is a great risk to the living ecosystem, because of their confirmed mutagenic and carcinogenic properties [2,3]. So, these harmful materials must be removed safely from different environmental systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes Using Laccase Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Free laccase has limitations for its use in industrial applications that require laccase immobilization on proper support, to improve its catalytic activity. Herein, the nanoparticles of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) and copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) were successfully used as support for the immobilization of free laccase, using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The immobilization conditions of laccase on the surface of nanoparticles were optimized to reach the maximum activity of the immobilized enzyme. The synthesized free nanoparticles and the nanoparticle-immobilized laccase were characterized using different techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, as support, enhanced laccase activity compared to free laccase and Fe3O4 nanoparticle-immobilized laccase that appeared during the study of pH, temperature, and storage stability on free and immobilized laccase. The CuFe2O4 and Fe3O4 nanoparticle-immobilized laccase showed superior activity in a wide pH range, temperature range, and storage period, up to 20 days at 4.0 °C, when compared to free laccase. Additionally, the synthesized nanobiocatalysts were examined and optimized for the biodegradation of the anionic dye Direct Red 23 (DR23). HPLC analysis was used to confirm the dye degradation. The reusability of immobilized laccases for the biodegradation of DR23 dye was investigated for up to six successive cycles, with a decolorization efficiency over 70.0%, which indicated good reusability and excellent stability.

show abstract

Bioremediation Technologies for the Treatment of Water Contaminated by Organic and Inorganic Contaminants

Ilyas

Mal

Masih

et al. 2022

Biotechnology for Environmental Protection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Characterizing azobenzene disperse dyes in commercial mixtures and children's polyester clothing

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

Disperse azo dyes, arylamines and halogenated dinitrobenzene compounds in synthetic garments on the Swedish market

Disperse azo dyes, arylamines and halogenated dinitrobenzene compounds in synthetic garments on the Swedish market

The Biocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes Using Laccase Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles

Bioremediation Technologies for the Treatment of Water Contaminated by Organic and Inorganic Contaminants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About