Characterizing Archaeological Assemblages from Eastern Lake Natron, Tanzania: Results of Fieldwork Conducted in the Area

Further Notes on the Ngaloba Industry, a Middle Stone Age Assemblage Directly Associated with Early Homo in the Greater Laetoli, Northern Tanzania

“…Most of the artefacts are made from quartzite, though there is a low frequency of obsidian and chert described by Mehlman (1989) as the Naseran industry. Employment of comparable raw materials has also been observed in the MSA/LSA industries in the eastern Lake Natron (Masao, 2015;Mehlmam, 1989;Isaac, 1966). The lowest MSA/LSA Naseran industry levels seem to have dates that are appreciably younger than those of Kisele and Sanzako being 55,960 ±2,675 -18,475 ±860.…”

“…Among the rarities are blades, dubious backed pieces, and burins (Mehlman, 1989). On the same level are the industries on the eastern side of Lake Natron which display MSA features such as Levallois technology, points, blade cores, and a high proportion of flakes (Masao, 2015).…”

Following the evolution of Homo sapiens across Africa using a uniparental genetic guide

“…The geographic northeast progression of the mtDNA phylogeny: [91,92], or the Herto (Ethiopia) remains dated around 160 kya [93]. The Sangoan-Lupemban lithic industries of equatorial Africa, mentioned above, have also been found at Lake Eyasi in Tanzania [94], and in Kenya at the Muguruk site [95], even most interesting is the presence of stratified Sangoan-Lupemban assemblages as far as northern Sudan, at Sai Island, dated around 230 kya that has been interpreted as the result of a possible human norward dispersal from equatorial Africa during the MIS 7…”

Integrating evidence of land use and land cover change for land management policy formulation along the Kenya-Tanzania borderlands

“…Some sites provide evidence of intensive land use (Stump, 2006) and other regions have limited material evidence due to extensive land use practices, commonly yielding ephemeral surface scatters rather than clearly bounded dense artefact concentrations. Some studies have begun to redress this balance (Foley, 1981;Masao, 2015;Githumbi et al, 2018;Shoemaker, 2018).…”