Characterizing and Biological Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Exposures to Diesel Exhaust

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most important and carcinogenic components in diesel exhaust (DE). Therefore, ambient PAHs concentrations were measured and characterized for work areas in a locomotive engine inspection plant. Pre- and post-shift urine samples and concurrent air samples were collected on 17 workers to measure the concentration of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of pyrene. Increased urinary 1-OHP concentrations were observed over at least three consecutive sampling days. The biological kinetics of pyrene metabolism was studied with a one-compartment pharmokinetic model. The conversion rate and elimination rate of 1-OHP were estimated using nonlinear mixed-effects model, and validated with multiple nonlinear regression models by assessing the pattern of elimination rates of each worker separately. Urinary 1-OHP was confirmed to be a sensitive marker of PAHs exposure with mean half-life of 29 h in this population of Chinese workers. The study results would be beneficial to future occupational and environmental studies of PAH exposure.

Increase of urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in diesel exhaust emission inspector exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…However, the ambient air concentrations of PAHs in DEP 2.5 in this study were similar to those reported by a study of concentrations at a bus interchange (27.29 ng/m 3 during operating hours and 4.82 ng/m 3 during nonoperating hours) (See et al 2006). One study of a locomotive engine inspection plant revealed that concentrations of PAHs in PM 10 were 1,798 ng/m 3 in the summer and 1,731 ng/m 3 in the winter (Huang et al 2007). Another study performed at a technical diesel revision plant found that concentrations of PAHs in PM 10 were about 30 and 50 ng/m 3 (Adonis et al 2003).…”

“…Currently, occupational research on diesel-related particulate phase PAHs emitted in diesel exhaust mostly focuses on PAHs-absorbed particles less than 10 lm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10 ) and on PAHs-absorbed particles (Adonis et al 2003;Huang et al 2007;Kuusimäki et al 2002Kuusimäki et al , 2003Seidel et al 2002). Very few studies have analyzed PAHs-absorbed respirable dust and PAHs-absorbed PM 2.5 (See et al 2006;Wheatley and Sadhra 2004).…”

Excretion Profiles and Half-Lives of Ten Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites after Dietary Exposure

“…14 Huang et al studied diesel exhaust exposure in 17 locomotive engine workers, and found the mean t 1/2 was 29 h (6.4-128 h) based on pre and post-shift urine samples over 4 consecutive workdays. 32 In four studies involving 15-20 workers with both inhalation and dermal exposure who provided pre and post-shift samples over 3-5 consecutive days (Table 3), the reported t 1/2 ranged from 5 to 35 hours. [19][20][21]33 In contrast to the consistent half-life estimations from this and existing studies on ingestion exposure, the published results after inhalation and dermal absorption were generally higher and more variable.…”

Effects on Chinese Restaurant Workers of Exposure to Cooking Oil Fumes: A Cautionary Note on Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine

“…Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of pyrene (21) and one of the components of PAHs in COFs (22), is a possible biological marker of exposure to COFs. Studies have shown that urinary 1-OHP is a good biological marker of exposure to PAHs in fire-fighting workers (23), iron foundry workers (24), and coke oven workers (25,26).…”