Characterizing air–sea CO2 exchange dynamics during winter in the coastal water off the Hugli-Matla estuarine system in the northern Bay of Bengal, India

Akhand, Anirban; Chanda, Abhra; Dutta, Sachinandan; Manna, Sudip; Hazra, Sugata; Mitra, Debasis; Rao, K. H.; Dadhwal, V. K.

doi:10.1007/s10872-013-0199-z

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the present study lower Secchi depths were observed near the shoreline (minimum of (22±5) cm during the LLT hours) while a steady increase was observed on moving towards offshore (maximum of 134±19 cm during HHT hours). This is in conformity with the previous studies conducted by Akhand et al (2013) who observed a very gentle increase of the bathymetric depth from the shoreline. The effect of land-water interaction is more pronounced near the coastline which mainly leads to highly turbid waters and hence leads to the lower values at Sat.…”

Section: Secchi Depthsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…1) and (24.8±0.3) (Sat. 7) Akhand et al (2013) also observed a similar spatial trend of the the SSS values from the shoreline towards the offshore transition zone. The SSS of this region is principally regulated by the water discharge from the Farakka Barrage (Mitra et al, 2009).…”

Section: Ssssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In our study area, the DO was marginally less than that observed in the other studies carried out in the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal. This is mainly because of the heavy suspended particulate matter content in the waters of the northern Bay of Bengal which is brought by the perennial supply of the River Hugli (Akhand et al, 2013). Increased suspended solids reduce the rate of biological productivity, as it obstructs the photosynthetically active radiation to penetrate into the photic layer.…”

Section: Domentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing the influence of tide on the physico-chemical parameters and nutrient variability in the coastal surface water of the northern Bay of Bengal during the winter season

et al. 2015

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The spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters (sea surface temperature (SST), pH, sea surface salinity (SSS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and Secchi depth) along with filterable nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrate (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) and reactive silicate (DSi)) are measured in the winter months of November, December, January and February for four consecutive years from on the shallow continental shelf (<20 m bathymetry) of the coastal waters (up to 18 km away from shoreline) of the northern Bay of Bengal (nBoB) during the highest high tide (HHT) and lowest low tide (LLT) hours for the first time. The variability of the coastal biogeochemical environment is assessed during the HHT and LLT hours and for this purpose, seawater samples are collected from seven different locations of a transect in the coastal region. Physicochemical parameters (except SST) show significant difference in magnitude during the HHT and LLT hours respectively. pH, SSS and DO are found to increase in the HHT hours and vice-versa. The data reveal that during the LLT hours, a relative increase of freshwater input in the nBoB can have elevated the nutrient concentration compared with that observed during the HHT hours. The ratio of nutrient concentration is found to deviate significantly from the Redfield ratio. The abundance of DIP is much higher compared with that of DIN and DSi. The anthropogenic sources of DIP from the upstream flow (especially the domestic effluent of several metropolises) can be mainly attributed behind such an observation. In order to characterize and establish the trend of such variation in such an important bio-climatic region, long-term and systematic ecosystem monitoring in the coastal water of the nBoB northern Bay of Bengal should be carried out throughout the year.Citation: Sourav Das, Abhra Chanda, Sandip Giri, Anirban Akhand, Sugata Hazra. 2015. Characterizing the influence of tide on the physico-chemical parameters and nutrient variability in the coastal surface water of the northern Bay of Bengal during winter season. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(12): 102-111,

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Section: Secchi Depthsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Ssssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Domentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing the influence of tide on the physico-chemical parameters and nutrient variability in the coastal surface water of the northern Bay of Bengal during the winter season

et al. 2015

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“…The salinity data of the marine end member is comparable with previously published data (Akhand et al 2012(Akhand et al , 2013 in the same region during the same post-monsoon season. The salinity data of the marine end member during the same month (January and February) of sampling is also in good agreement with the data archive of salinity (https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa18/).…”

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confidence: 90%

Response to Reviewer 2

Akhand¹

2020

Preprint

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The present study investigates water pCO2 at 8 different stations of mangrove surrounding waters (creek, island boundary, mid-river) at Dhanchi Island in the Sundarbans, India. The authors present an interesting high resolution data set (8 x 24h timeseries, diurnal, tidal) at 1 min interval of pCO2 and find mangrove surrounding waters to be a weak source or sink of atmospheric CO2. The authors aim to reveal and identify why the here studied mangrove waters act as a net sink compared to previous studies, that are commonly found to be a source of CO2. They conclude that the reduced river-C1

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“…Thus, although the upper Capibaribe estuarine system may act as a CO 2 source to the atmosphere (based on previously calculated FCO 2 ), this lower portion of the system may oscillate between being an atmospheric CO 2 sink and source, depending on the balance between community respiration (both pelagic and benthic) and phytoplankton production rates. In fact, recent data on FCO 2 in both temperate and tropical estuaries have demonstrated temporal and spatial variations between source and sink trends, related to periodical phytoplankton blooms (Evans et al., ; Hunt et al., ) and depth variation (Akhand et al., ). In Guanabara Bay (SE Brazil), for example, an equally hypereutrophic tropical estuarine embayment, pCO 2(w) undersaturation was also observed in the shallow and more confined areas, where phytoplankton production is higher (Cotovicz et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plankton carbon metabolism and air–water CO₂ fluxes at a hypereutrophic tropical estuary

et al. 2017

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Multiple biotic and abiotic drivers regulate the balance between CO 2 assimilation and release in surface waters. In the present study, we compared in situ measurements of plankton carbon metabolism (primary production and respiration) to calculated airwater CO 2 fluxes (based on abiotic parameters) during 1 year (2008) in a hypereutrophic tropical estuary (Recife Harbor, NE Brazil -08°03′S, 34°52′W) to test the hypothesis that high productivity leads to a net CO 2 flux from the atmosphere. The calculated CO 2 fluxes through the air-water interface (FCO 2 ) were negative throughout the year (FCO 2 : -2 to -9 mmol C·m −2 ·day −1 ), indicating that Recife Harbor is an atmospheric CO 2 sink. Respiration rates of the plankton community ranged from 2 to 45 mmol C·m −2 ·hr −1 . Gross primary production ranged from 0.2 to 281 mmol C·m −2 ·hr −1 , exceeding respiration during most of the year (net autotrophy), except for the end of the wet season, when the water column was net heterotrophic. The present results highlight the importance of including eutrophic tropical shallow estuaries in global air-water CO 2 flux studies, in order to better understand their role as a sink of atmospheric CO 2 .

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Characterizing air–sea CO2 exchange dynamics during winter in the coastal water off the Hugli-Matla estuarine system in the northern Bay of Bengal, India

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Characterizing the influence of tide on the physico-chemical parameters and nutrient variability in the coastal surface water of the northern Bay of Bengal during the winter season

Characterizing the influence of tide on the physico-chemical parameters and nutrient variability in the coastal surface water of the northern Bay of Bengal during the winter season

Response to Reviewer 2

Plankton carbon metabolism and air–water CO₂ fluxes at a hypereutrophic tropical estuary

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Characterizing air–sea CO2 exchange dynamics during winter in the coastal water off the Hugli-Matla estuarine system in the northern Bay of Bengal, India

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Characterizing the influence of tide on the physico-chemical parameters and nutrient variability in the coastal surface water of the northern Bay of Bengal during the winter season

Characterizing the influence of tide on the physico-chemical parameters and nutrient variability in the coastal surface water of the northern Bay of Bengal during the winter season

Response to Reviewer 2

Plankton carbon metabolism and air–water CO2 fluxes at a hypereutrophic tropical estuary

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Plankton carbon metabolism and air–water CO₂ fluxes at a hypereutrophic tropical estuary