Characterizations of zinc oxide nanorods incorporating a graphene layer as antibacterial nanocomposites on silicon substrates

Modulating the size of ZnO nanorods on SiO2 substrates by incorporating reduced graphene oxide into the seed layer solution

“…Results show that the more portions of reduced graphene oxide were added to the seed layer solution (from one portion to 9 portions), the crystalline structures would be strengthened so that stronger (002) and (103) XRD peaks can be seen for the ZnO NRs with the seed layer incorporated 9 portions of reduced graphene oxide. Based on previous report, 7 incorporating reduced graphene oxide into the nanorod structures might cause higher hydrophobicity of the ZnO seed layer solution. Therefore, smaller clusters of ZnO NRs might be formed during the hydrothermal growth and the diameter of these NRs might become smaller.…”

“…Since reduced graphene oxide addition might cause the increase the hydrophobic properties of the ZnO NRs as demonstrated. 7 In addition, the smaller size and the denser distribution of the ZnO NRs might result in the hydrophobic properties.…”

Modulating the ZnO NR shape to enhance the luminescence efficiency for optoelectronic applications

“…The morphological parameters are listed in table 4. The inclusion of rGO into the ZnO seed solution might cause higher hydrophobicity; therefore, smaller clusters of ZnO NRs might be formed and the diameter of these NRs might become smaller [34]. The rGO in the ZnO seed could enhance the growth of ZnO NRs in the c-plane and inhibit the lateral growth.…”

“…Figure 9 shows that the Schottky LED with 1.2-μm ZnO NRs has 10 times higher emission intensity than that of one with 0.383-μm ZnO NRs and that the Schottky LED with 3.9-μm ZnO NRs have 300 times higher emission intensity than that of one with 0.383-μm ZnO NRs. It was previously reported that the deep band emission intensity depends on the size of the ZnO and that the extraction factor for ZnO is low due to its high absorption coefficients (∼2×105 cm −1 ), which increases the probability of ultraviolet (UV) reabsorption within the crystal itself [32][33][34]. This reabsorbed UV can excite the defect states in the structures, resulting in visible deep band emission because the defects responsible for this emission are not confined near the surface but are ubiquitous inside the ZnO NRs [29].…”

Preparation and analysis of multi-layered hybrid nanostructures

“…The combination of multi-dimensional NM or layered NS were used to prepare hybrid nanostructures with many advantages due to each kind of NM or NS (Bouakaz et al, 2015;Oraon et al, 2015;Alsharaeh et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2016;; Pérez del Pino et al, 2016,Kavinkumar et al, 2016Zhao et al, 2016).These kinds of hybrid nanostructures with exceptional properties are effective and they were reported for the potential applications (Latorre-Sanchez et al, 2012;Lonkar et al, 2015).Many hybrid materialswere reported, which can bemade usingdifferent NS.But recently organic-inorganic hybrid NS haveshown considerable attention (Mishra et al, 2010;. Among the various organic NS materials, graphene oxide (GO)has a tremendous interest in a scientific research.Because GO istwo dimensional (2D) andconductinglayered NMand it consists of one atom-thick planar sheets of sp 2 -bonded honeycomb structure of carbon atoms (Low et al, 2015).GO possesses extraordinary mechanical, thermal, electronic and physical properties, (Hansora et al, 2015;Lonkar et al, 2015),more importantly it contains a range of reactiveoxygen functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl groups) .Therefore, GO wasused to prepareorganic-inorganic hybrid NS (Wu et al, 2012;Nandi et al, 2013;Esmaeili et al, 2014;Yadav et al, 2014;Angelopoulou et al, 2015, Low et al, 2015Jain et al,2016).Many scientists havepreparedhybrid NS usingdifferent metal and inorganic NM filled with GO, e.g., Titanium oxide-graphene (Heet al, 2016;Pérez del Pino et al,2016;Zhao et al,2016),Manganese-nickel mixed oxide/graphene (Latorre Sanchez et al,2015), Organomontmorillonite/graphene (Bouakaz et al 2015;Oraon et al, 2015),Calciumcarbonate/GO ,Silver nanoparticle/GO (Kavinkumaret al, 2016),Cobalt oxide nanoparticles/reduced GO(Alsharaeh et al,2016),Zinc oxide nanorods/graphene …”