Characterizations of Six Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Varieties of Global Commercial Interest in Morocco: Pomological, Organoleptic, Chemical and Biochemical Studies

Abstract

Pomegranate variety properties are important not only to demonstrate their diversity but also to satisfy the current market need for high-quality fruits. This study aims to characterize pomological and physico-chemical features as well as the antioxidant capacity of Moroccan local cultivars (Djeibi, Mersi, Sefri 1 and Sefri 2) compared to the imported ones (Mollar de Elche and Hicaz). The pomological characteristics of varieties were relatively diverse. The juice varieties (PJ) displayed a marketed variability in organoleptic and quality properties, such as the flavor, juice yield, and micro/macronutrients contents. Interrelationships among the analyzed properties and PJ varieties were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA). Dimension of the data set was reduced to two components by PCA accounting for 64.53% of the variability observed. The rinds varieties (PR) were studied for their total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins quantifications. PR varieties extracts exhibited different levels of free radical scavenging activity and local varieties revealed a greater potential with stability over time. The HPLC-DAD analyses of PR extracts revealed (+) catechin as the major compound, where the highest content was found for the local varieties. The SEC analysis showed the molecular weight distribution of phenolic compounds with a high size of condensed tannins formed by the polymerization of the catechin monomer. Given these properties, this research provides an easy selection of high-quality fruits as potential candidates for local market needs.

Investigation on the chemical properties of some pomegranate cultivars (Punica granatum L.) grown in the Messaad Algerian arid region under drip irrigation

“…As shown in Table 2, The pH value obtained for KH1 and HM1 is higher than some reported for Spanish, South African, Omani, Moroccan, Tunisian, Indian, Turkian, Iranian, Egyptian, Pakistani, Georgian pomegranate cultivars (Tehranifar et al, 2010;Ozlekci et al, 2011;Gadže et al, 2012;Caliskan & Bayazit, 2013;Ismail et al, 2014;Zaouay et al, 2014;Fernandes et al, 2017;Hota & Dahiya, 2017;Boussaa et al, 2018;Hmid et al, 2018;Usman et al, 2018;Díaz-Perez et al, 2019;Sassi et al, 2020;Meena et al, 2021;El Moujahed et al, 2022), while the pH value obtained for SL1 is closer to the values recorded on some Moroccan varieties such as "Jaune Marrakech" (Legua et al, 2011;Martínez et al, 2012), on Algerian cultivar "Doux de Koléa" (Meziane et al, 2016), on some Indian varieties such as Ganesh and Bhagwa (Hota & Dahiya, 2017) and on some pomegranate cultivars grown in Georgia (Díaz-Perez et al, 2019). Alcaraz-Mármol et al (2017) registered a higher pH than the reported values in the range of 6.02 to 6.78 for cultivars grown in Spain such as Mollar de Elche, Mollar de Orihuela and Valenciana de Albatera.…”

Sustainable Collagen Film Preparation with Tannins Extracted from Moroccan Pomegranate Byproduct Varieties: Thermal, Structural, and Nanoscaled Studies

“…The obtained extracts illustrated in Figure were previously characterized for their phenolic compositions and molecular size distributions (Figures S3 and S4 in Supporting Information). The results showed that the molecular weight distributions of their phenolic compounds were based on high molecular weight condensed tannins formed by the polymerization of the catechin monomer …”

“…Cross-linker extracts were carried out using the method reported in a previous work . Pomegranate rinds (PRs) were extracted using an aqueous-based solid–liquid method with heated ultrapure water at 20 °C, protected from light.…”

“…The results showed that the molecular weight distributions of their phenolic compounds were based on high molecular weight condensed tannins formed by the polymerization of the catechin monomer. 33 On the other hand, to develop a collagen film with desired properties, it is necessary to choose a suitable collagen that can easily be used as a raw material for extruding or casting of collagen-based films. Hence, not all collagen extraction methods result in a collagen product that is suitable for film preparation.…”

Characterization of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) through the Morphoanatomical and Lipid Profile of Seeds for the Valorisation of Italian Accessions

“…Traditional approaches for pomegranate characterization include molecular [4], morphological [5] and biochemical analyses [6,7]; particular attention has been paid to qualitative characteristics of the main edible part of the fruit (the fleshy, membranous and pulpy part of the seed from which the juice is obtained), whereas fewer studies have been conducted on the hard part of the seeds, often erroneously called the "woody portion" or "seed" [8]. In this regard, it is worth noting that the botanical terms used to define the parts of the pomegranate fruit and seed are often used improperly in various scientific articles.…”