Characterizations of in situ grown ceria nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide as a catalyst for the electrooxidation of hydrazine

Abstract

Ceria (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles were grown on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) via the in situ reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of cerium nitrate and CTAB, followed by a one step hydrothermal treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Raman spectroscopy (RS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to characterize the samples. The characterization suggests that the ammonia-assisted hydrothermal method is a facile and advantageous route to synthesize CeO 2 -RGO nanocomposites compared to the widely used method utilising hydrazine hydrate as the reducing reagent. TEM investigations revealed that the CeO 2 nanoparticles with an average size of $14 nm were dispersed on the layers of RGO. The catalytic activity of the CeO 2 -RGO nanocomposites towards the electrooxidation of hydrazine was further investigated by cyclic voltammetry measurements. The results obtained suggest that compared to bare CeO 2 nanoparticles, the CeO 2 -RGO nanocomposite exhibits remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic activity, due to the synergistic effects between the CeO 2 nanoparticles and RGO.

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“…Furthermore, in case of nano-CeO 2 /RGO nanohybrid an additional peak at *460 cm -1 was observed, which might be due to the F 2g symmetric stretching mode of the Ce-O 8 vibrational unit thus confirming the successful growth of CeO 2 NPs on the RGO nanosheet. Therefore, the obtained results are consistent enough as per previous literature [20,44].…”

“…The detailed synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-imprinted CeO 2 nanoparticle was adopted and synthesized as per earlier described method with little modification [20]. At first, GO was synthesized from graphite flakes using hummers' method [42].…”

“…Systematic distribution of metal oxide NPs such as ZnO, TiO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , ZrO 2 , SnO 2 on the graphene layer evolves a nanohybrid with large electroactive surface area and enhanced charge transfer network, promoting it a suitable matrix for the fabrication of transducer phase in biosensing device [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Among them, CeO 2 is one of the most prominent earth materials, which has attracted considerable attention for various applications owing to its high chemical stability, high oxygen storage capacity, huge electroactive surface [23,24].…”

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“…Further, the Raman spectrum of nano-CeO 2 / RGO nanohybrid exhibits an additional peak at $ 460 cm À1 due to the symmetric stretching mode of the Ce-O 8 vibrational unit and it was assigned as F 2g . 35,40 In addition, as compared with CeO 2 NPs the signi¯cant blue shift of F 2g band from $ 474 cm À1 to $ 460 cm À1 was caused by the high mobility of charge transfer between the CeO 2 and RGO nanosheet. Moreover, the discrepancy in blue shift may also result from the inconsistent doping and agglomerated grain size of CeO 2 NPs within the nanohybrid.…”

“…35 Firstly, the intermediate of RGO, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from graphite°akes by using hummers method. 36 Brie°y, required amount of graphite powder was oxidized with conc.…”