Characterizations and environmental impacts of exhaust of non-road vehicles

Abstract

Non-road vehicles equipped with diesel engine could emit air pollutants. This study measured particulate matters (PM) and gaseous pollutants of the exhaust of the non-road vehicles (excavator, bulldozers) during idling and operating. The concentrations of TPM, PM10 and PM2.5 were 14-251, 12-181 and 10-163 mg/Nm3, respectively, for three on-road vehicles. The PM10 occupy 60-70％ of TPM, while PM2.5 occupy 80-90％ of PM10. The calculated emission factors were 0.64 - 0.94, 0.53 - 0.79 and 0.32 -0.49 g/bhp-hr for TPM, PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. Metallic elements of PM were analyzed in order to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. The results showed that the emission of total metallic elements from the excavator and two bulldozers are 2.711 and 7.922-22.618 mg/m3, respectively, and the dominant components are Zn, Fe and Al. Total carcinogenic risk of Cd and Pb decreased from 0.094´10-6 to 0.013´10-6 by increasing the distances from three non-road vehicles and the non-carcinogenic risk of both Cd and Pb are lower than the limits (HQ=1), which is considered an acceptable risk.