Characterization of α,α-trehalase released in the intestinal lumen by the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii

Abstract

Our data suggest that alpha,alpha-trehalase deficiency is more common than is believed and that oral administration of S. boulardii could be beneficial in patients with digestive symptoms caused by trehalose intolerance.

Transduction pathways regulating the trophic effects ofSaccharomyces boulardiiin rat intestinal mucosa

“…The protective anti-apoptotic effects of S. boulardii has also been shown in vitro. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection of T 84 cells in culture stimulated TNF-a synthesis and apoptosis (pro-caspases 3,8,9). Saccharomyces boulardii induced a decrease in TNF-a and related apoptosis in EHEC-infected cells [29].…”

“…These effects, at least in part, are mediated by the endoluminal release of polyamines [12], as yeast cells contain substantial amounts of spermine and spermidine [12,13]. In addition, yeast cells secrete enzymes such as sucrase [7], a,a-trehalase [9], leucine-aminopeptidase [8], and a novel protein phosphatase that inhibits Escherichia coli O 55 B 5 endotoxin by dephosphorylation into the intestinal lumen [14].…”

“…Lyophilized preparations of S. boulardii (Biocodex, Gentilly, France) when administered orally to humans or rats exert trophic intestinal effects including increases in the specific and total activities of microvillous enzymes such as sucrase [7], aminopeptidase [8], trehalase [9], enhanced secretion of s-IgA in jejunal and ileal fluid [10], increased production of the receptor for polymeric immunoglobulins by crypt cells [10], and a marked stimulation of the sodium-dependent D-glucose uptake by brush border membrane (BBM) vesicles with a corresponding increase in the sodium D-glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT-1) [11]. These effects, at least in part, are mediated by the endoluminal release of polyamines [12], as yeast cells contain substantial amounts of spermine and spermidine [12,13].…”

Use of probiotics to correct dysbiosis of normal microbiota following disease or disruptive events: a systematic review

“…Probiotics are active during this susceptible window from the time of the disruptive event to the time when normal microbiota is restored. A wide variety of mechanisms-of-action have been documented for probiotics (ranging from blocking pathogen attachment sites, destruction of the pathogen by bacteriocins or proteases that degrade toxins, to regulation of the immune system),5 6 and while clinical evidence supports efficacy of some probiotic strains, the evidence linking these mechanisms-of-action to a specific health or function claims is not as clear.…”

Trehalose as antifungal target: The picture is still incomplete

“…Indeed, malabsorption due to altered intestinal trehalase gives rise to abdominal perturbations, diarrhea and other transitory digestive problems. 11 Additional analysis based on dietary trehalose would help clarify this matter.…”