Characterization of volume strain at large deformation under uniaxial tension in high-density polyethylene

Addiego, Frédéric; Dahoun, Abdesselam; G’Sell, C.; Hiver, Jean‐Marie

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.093

Cited by 150 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In the author's opinion these high Poisson's ratio values have to be interpreted as scattered around 0.5, and affected by inaccuracies related to the correction of transverse deformation for long times and high temperatures. At the same time, it can not be excluded that the upper plateau could be higher than 0.5, due to non-homogeneity on a microstructural scale, already present in the materials (such as crystalline regions below the melting temperature [1] or porosity [28]) or developed during the deformational process (as cavitational effects [29][30][31][32], although these should have major importance at deformations higher than those investigated here). The decrease of stress was simultaneously monitored, permitting an evaluation of the time evolution of the relaxation modulus E REL , which is reported in Figure 11b in terms of isothermal curves for an axial deformation !…”

Section: Constant Deformation Testsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Time and temperature effects on Poisson’s ratio of poly(butylene terephthalate)

Pandini¹,

Pegoretti²

2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The viscoelastic nature of the Poisson's ratio of a semicrystalline poly (butylene terephthalate) is highlighted by investigating its dependence on time, temperature and strain rate, under two types of loading conditions: i) constant deformation rate tests, in which the transverse strain is measured in tensile ramps at various temperatures and at two strain rates; and ii) constant deformation tests, in which, under a constant axial deformation, the transverse strain is measured as a function of time in isothermal experiments performed at various temperatures. In both testing configurations, axial and transverse deformations are measured by means of a biaxial contact extensometer, and a correction procedure is adopted in order to compensate the lateral penetration of the extensometer knives. Poisson's ratio displays the typical features of a retardation function, increasing with time and temperature, and decreasing with strain rate. This behaviour has been compared to that of simultaneously measured relaxation modulus.

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Section: Constant Deformation Testsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Time and temperature effects on Poisson’s ratio of poly(butylene terephthalate)

Pandini¹,

Pegoretti²

2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…4C). In other parts of the material, fine fragmentation mechanism occurred, generating small lamellae fragments aligned in the tensile direction [1]. As a result, SAXS diagrams showed a scattering bump along / = 0° (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The texture state of UHMWPE was generated by a uniaxial tensile test using an MTS 810 testing machine (MTS Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) equipped with the optical extensometer VidéoTraction (Iris Techno, Moncel-lès-Lunéville, France) [1,2]. This apparatus provided real-time mechanical behavior (true axial stress, r 33 , versus true axial strain, e 33 ) of a thin material section located at the center of the tensile specimen called representative volume element (RVE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, necking, which generally occurs in the specimen center, was taken into account in the measured mechanical behavior. A CCD camera recorded displacement of markers previously printed in the form of a cross on the front face of the tensile specimen [1,2]. The speed of the servohydraulic actuator was controlled so the instantaneous true axial strain rate measured in the RVE, de 33 /dt, remained constant during the experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The speed of the servohydraulic actuator was controlled so the instantaneous true axial strain rate measured in the RVE, de 33 /dt, remained constant during the experiment. Six rectangular tensile specimens were machined from one plate to conform to the dog-bone geometry used for mechanical tests conducted with a VidéoTraction extensometer [1,2]. The overall dimensions of these specimens were 50 9 12 9 4 mm 3 , whereas the volume of the calibrated part was 24 9 6 9 4 mm 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Texturing of UHMWPE Increase Strength and Toughness?: A Pilot Study

Addiego¹,

Buchheit²,

Ruch³

et al. 2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Crosslinked UHMWPE as a bearing surface in total joint arthroplasty has higher wear resistance than conventional UHMWPE but lower strength and toughness. To produce crosslinked UHMWPE with improved mechanical properties, the material can be treated before crosslinking by tension to induce molecular alignment (texture). Questions/purposes We asked how (1) the microstructure of UHMWPE evolves when subjected to tension and (2) whether the new microstructure (texture) increases strength and toughness. Methods We analyzed microstructure evolution of UHMWPE by small-and wide-angle xray scattering and scanning electron microscopy. We then developed a method to characterize the local strength and toughness of undeformed and textured UHMWPEs by means of nanoscratch tests along and perpendicular to the specimen axis. In three samples we determined the scratch characteristics in terms of deformation mode, coefficient of friction (l), and viscoelastic recovery (r). Results Before the tensile process, the scratch behavior of UHMWPE was characterized by a l ranging from 0.64 to 0.68, no cracking, and r ranging from 0.58 to 0.60. Microfibrillar morphologic features resulted from the tensile process. The new microstructure had an increased strength (r = 0.78) and decreased toughness (cracking + l = 0.77) perpendicular to the fibril axis and decreased strength (r = 0.53) and increased toughness (no cracking + l = 0.55) parallel to the fibril axis. Conclusions Textured UHMWPE behaves like a fiber composite with high strength and toughness in well-defined directions. However, the effect of crosslinking on these specific properties is unknown and therefore it is important to verify that the properties are retained. If wear resistance of crosslinked-textured UHMWPE is at least as high as that of crosslinked UHMWPE, novel medical devices made of crosslinked-textured UHMWPE could be developed and clinically tested.

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Digital Texture Voxels for Stretchable Morphing Skin Applications

Lamuta

Rogalski

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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to survive throughout extreme hot dry or extremely humid weathers equally. [3] A truly fascinating example of stretchable camouflaging texture morphing skin is seen in cephalopods-the underwater invertebrates known as the masters of camouflage. These marine creatures control their skin morphology by stimulating cutaneous muscles known as papillae. These muscles generate complex texture patterns by pushing the overlying epidermal tissue upward and away from the mantle surface during their contraction. [4] Thanks to the large number of high-resolution texture muscles, cephalopods undergo complex morphology change. Overall, the skin of the cephalopod is a 3D display, where the papillae muscles control each voxel's extension on-demand by several millimeters out of the skin plane, create hierarchical textures, and collectively change the overall skin pattern. The generation of complex 3D shapes not only facilitates camouflage by pattern matching but also could enhance the swimming efficiency by controlling the hydrodynamic drag.The material systems required to achieve such morphological changes are extremely heterogenous and complex. The flexible and stretchable skin tissue of cephalopods is coupled to dermal shape-changing mechanisms, seamlessly embedded muscles, and integrated neurological sensing and control. A few texture and morphology change technologies inspired by cephalopods' papillae have been recently proposed. Wang et al. [5] produce on-demand fluorescent patterns using electroactive and mechanoresponsive elastomers, where high electric voltage (>50 kV mm −1 ) induces surface roughness of a millimeter. Current material developments are underway to reduce the required voltage and increase the materials voltage breakdown strength of these materials. Pikul et al. [6] use pneumatically actuated elastomeric membranes coupled to rigid mesh to achieve programmable 3D texture morphing. This material produces complex preprogrammed morphological camouflage, yet their broad applicability is limited by the need for heavy, rigid, and noisy air compressor.In this study, we produce a new type of stretchable skin based on electromechanical digital texture voxels (DTVs) to emulate the 3D morphing display of cephalopods papillae. The DTVs provide surface roughness, which actively changes its amplitude from the sub-millimeter to more than a centimeter and requires only 0.02 V mm −1 for actuation. These surface actuators undergo giant and reversible extensions exceeding 2000% strain within a few seconds. The DTVs are made from Smart skins capable of on-demand dynamic texture morphing are attractive for several applications, ranging from haptic feedback devices [1] to drag control in aerial or underwater vehicles. [2] There are countless inspiring examples of biological creatures, which intelligently morph their skin patterns to achieve multifunctionality. For example, the leaves of the silver tree (Leucadendron argenteum) morph their hair-like texture

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Characterization of volume strain at large deformation under uniaxial tension in high-density polyethylene

Cited by 150 publications

References 57 publications

Time and temperature effects on Poisson’s ratio of poly(butylene terephthalate)

Time and temperature effects on Poisson’s ratio of poly(butylene terephthalate)

Does Texturing of UHMWPE Increase Strength and Toughness?: A Pilot Study

Digital Texture Voxels for Stretchable Morphing Skin Applications

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