Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Leukocyte Antigen Heterologous Expression Systems: a Cell's “Chemical Odor Fingerprint”

Aksenov, Alexander A.; Gojová, Andrea; Zhao, Wenwei; Morgan, Joshua T.; Sankaran, Shankar; Sandrock, Christian; Davis, Cristina E.

doi:10.1002/cbic.201200011

Cited by 52 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…By comparison, in a separate study we conducted experiments of VOC production by B-lymphocytes (Aksenov et al, 2012) which, under similar conditions, produce a much greater amount of VOCs both in number and abundance. In addition to the specific properties of TBE cells discussed above such as low permeability of cell membrane, this difference may be due, in part, to the mucous layer produced by the epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile emanations fromin vitroairway cells infected with human rhinovirus

et al. 2014

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Respiratory viral infections such as human rhinovirus (HRV) can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in people with underlying lung diseases such as asthma and COPD. One proposed strategy to detect viral infections non-invasively is by volatile organic compound (VOC) assessment via analysis of exhaled breath. The epithelial cells are one of the most important cell lines affected during respiratory infections as they are the first line of pathogen defense. Efforts to discover infection-specific biomarkers can be significantly aided by understanding the VOC emanations of respiratory epithelial cells. Here we test the hypothesis that VOCs obtained from the headspace of respiratory cell culture will differentiate healthy cells from those infected with HRV. Primary human tracheobronchial cells were cultured and placed in a system designed to trap headspace VOCs. HRV-infected cells were compared to uninfected control cells. In addition, cells treated with heat-killed HRV and poly(I:C), a TLR3 agonist, were compared to controls. The headspace was sampled with solid-phase microextraction fibers and VOCs were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We determined differential expression of compounds such as aliphatic alcohols, branched hydrocarbons, and dimethyl sulfide by the infected cells, VOCs previously associated with oxidative stress and bacterial infection. We saw no major differences between the killed-HRV, poly(I:C), and control cell VOCs. We postulate that these compounds may serve as biomarkers of HRV infection, and that the production of VOCs is not due to TLR3 stimulation but does require active viral replication. Our novel approach may be used for the in vitro study of other important respiratory viruses, and ultimately it may aid in identifying VOC biomarkers of viral infection for point-of-care diagnostics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile emanations fromin vitroairway cells infected with human rhinovirus

et al. 2014

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“…Recently the work of Aksenov et al (2012) demonstrated that MHC yields volatile odor compounds (VOC) at the cellular level. Their study was the first to demonstrate that MHC compounds give off unique detectable odor signatures, such that a change in a single allele produces unique odor fingerprint at the cellular level.…”

Section: Olfactory Sensory States Are Phenomenally Consciousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smelling phenomenal

Young

2014

Front. Psychol.

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Qualitative-consciousness arises at the sensory level of olfactory processing and pervades our experience of smells to the extent that qualitative character is maintained whenever we are aware of undergoing an olfactory experience. Building upon the distinction between Access and Phenomenal Consciousness the paper offers a nuanced distinction between Awareness and Qualitative-consciousness that is applicable to olfaction in a manner that is conceptual precise and empirically viable. Mounting empirical research is offered substantiating the applicability of the distinction to olfaction and showing that olfactory qualitative-consciousness can occur without awareness, but any olfactory state that we are aware of being in is always qualitative. Evidence that olfactory sensory states have a qualitatively character in the absence of awareness derives from research on mate selection, the selection of social preference for social interaction and acquaintances, as well as the role of olfactory deficits in causing affective disorders. Furthermore, the conservation of secondary processing measures of olfactory valence during olfactory imagery experiments provides verification that olfactory awareness is always qualitatively conscious—all olfactory consciousness smells phenomenal.

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“…Typically, these harmful effects can be balanced by some antioxidants (such as superoxide dismutase and catalase) (Halliwell, 1996). Nevertheless, if the concentrations of reactive oxygen species increase, part of them could induce damages to membrane and DNA of cells, cause protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, and finally lead to the production of VOCs and non-VOCs that are secreted into body liquid and breath (Aksenov et al, 2012). The final result of this process may be cancer, inflammation, cellular senescence, and apoptosis, etc (Valko et al, 2006).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Breath Vocs Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%