Characterization of Urban Runoff Pollution between Dissolved and Particulate Phases

Abstract

To develop urban stormwater management effectively, characterization of urban runoff pollution between dissolved and particulate phases was studied by 12 rainfall events monitored for five typical urban catchments. The average event mean concentration (AEMC) of runoff pollutants in different phases was evaluated. The AEMC values of runoff pollutants in different phases from urban roads were higher than the ones from urban roofs. The proportions of total dissolved solids, total dissolved nitrogen, and total dissolved phosphorus in total ones for all the catchments were 26.19%–30.91%, 83.29%–90.51%, and 61.54–68.09%, respectively. During rainfall events, the pollutant concentration at the initial stage of rainfall was high and then sharply decreased to a low value. Affected by catchments characterization and rainfall distribution, the highest concentration of road pollutants might appear in the later period of rainfall. Strong correlations were also found among runoffs pollutants in different phases. Total suspended solid could be considered as a surrogate for particulate matters in both road and roof runoff, while dissolved chemical oxygen demand could be regarded as a surrogate for dissolved matters in roof runoff.

Composition of nitrogen in urban residential stormwater runoff: Concentrations, loads, and source characterization of nitrate and organic nitrogen

“…The data showed that these events had low rain and runoff volume, and occurred after storms with low rain and runoff volume (<40% runoff) ( Fig 3A). Wei et al [56] suggested that particulate matter might be intercepted by coarse surfaces during low stormwater runoff from previous events, thus debris stuck in the storm drains was not flushed, resulting in high PON concentrations in the subsequent samples.…”

The Effect of Paved Roads on Organic Carbon Content of Soil in Taham Dam Basin

“…Due to abnormal data, spearman correlation test was used. According to the presented results in Table (5), TOC concentration has an insignificant relationship with the distance from the road.…”

Micro-pollutants in urban residential roof runoff: Environmental and health implications.

“…Many rural and urban households in Africa rely on rainwater harvested from roof catchments to provide water for use [2][3] . Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection of rainwater from a surface known as catchment (roofs and ground surfaces); and its storage in physical structures or within the soil profile [4][5][6] . Although rainwater harvesting has been identified as among the important interventions necessary towards meeting the MDGs in Africa [5] , roof runoff is known as a potential source of nonpoint pollution [7] .…”

“…Although rainwater harvesting has been identified as among the important interventions necessary towards meeting the MDGs in Africa [5] , roof runoff is known as a potential source of nonpoint pollution [7] . Urban residential roofs are made up of different materials containing compounds that can leach into rainwater together with atmospherically deposited materials that easily dissolve into the runoff [6,8] .…”

“…Roofing materials are generally responsible for the presence of toxic pollutants such as copper, zinc, cadmium and lead that leach from the roof materials into the runoff [ [9][10][11] . The leached materials contribute relatively high pollutant loads to the runoff and hence significantly contaminate harvested rainwater [4,6,[12][13] . Roof materials, age, atmospheric depositions, and meteorological conditions affect the quality of harvested rainwater from urban rooftop [14] .…”