Characterization of unknown iodinated disinfection byproducts during chlorination/chloramination using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry

Waterworks-specific composition of drinking water disinfection by-products

“…12 Recent work summarizing the challenges and opportunities within DBP research points towards the need of finding the key "toxicity drivers" that can explain the observed risk for bladder cancer, so that efforts to minimize exposure focus on the relevant targets. 13 A number of studies have been carried out to analyze the non-volatile fraction of DBPs using nontarget approaches, where some have focused on lab experiments, [14][15][16][17][18] and a few on real waterworks. [19][20][21] Previous studies indicate that there is variation and overlap of nonvolatile DBPs formed at different waterworks.…”

A New Formula Assignment Algorithm for the Deuterium Labeled Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Implications to the Formation Mechanism of Halogenated Disinfection Byproducts

“…The chlorination reactions were terminated by adding excess Na2SO3 (>99.0%, Kanto Chemical, Japan). Due to the limited availability of D2O, concentrations of aforementioned chemicals were set at approximately ten times the dose of ClOtypically used in water treatments and ten times the environmentally relevant concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, Brand I -27, [41][42][43] . The pH values for Treatments A, B, and C were determined to be 8.11, 8.93, and 7.81 at the bigining of the treatment, and 6.20, 6.30, and 5.08 at the end of the treatment (i.e., after one week), respectively.…”

Iodinated disinfection byproducts: Formation and concerns

“…Furthermore, most mechanistic studies were focused only on few DBPs (e.g., iodo-THMs, iodo-acids, iodoacetaldehyde, and iodo-haloacetamides) that represent a very small part of the total organic iodine formed. Although little is still known about specific iodo-DBP precursors, experiments with simulated drinking water containing Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and 200 µg/L of iodide showed that high aromaticity molecules seem to be highly reactive to chloramine oxidation to form iodo-DBPs [16]. However, the formation of specific iodo-DBP classes, i.e., iodo-haloacetic acids and iodo-THMs, has been associated to NOM fractions with low aromaticity [17,20].…”

“…The list of iodo-DBPs being discovered in disinfected waters is continuously expanding due to the increasing availability of advanced sensitive analytical technologies based on high-resolution mass spectrometry [11]. Different approaches have been proposed in the literature for new iodo-DBP identification [10,[12][13][14][15][16].…”