Characterization of two xenopus somatic 5S DNAs and one minor oocyte-specific 5S DNA

Peterson, Ronald C.; Doering, Jeffrey L.; Brown, Donald D.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(80)90241-x

Cited by 316 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…DNA Fragments-DNA templates for nucleosomes 1 and 2 were derived from plasmid pXbs-1 containing a Xenopus borealis somatic 5 S rRNA gene (52). PCR techniques were used to add HindIII and DraIII sites to the ends of the nucleosome 1 DNA template using primers 5Ј-CAGTAAGCTTGATTCCCGGGCTTGTTTTCCTGCCTG-3Ј and 5Ј-C-ATGTCTAGAGATCCCGGGACTACACGAGGTCCCATCCAAGTAC-3Ј and DraIII and XbaI sites to nucleosome 2 using primers 5Ј-CAGTAA-GCTTGATTCACCTCGTGCTTGTTTTCCTGCCTG-3Ј and 5Ј-CATGTC-TAGAGATCCCGGGACTACGGTCTCCCATCCAAGTAC-3Ј (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and Inter-nucleosomal Protein-DNA Interactions of the Core Histone Tail Domains in a Model System

Zheng

Hayes

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The core histone tail domains are key regulators of eukaryotic chromatin structure and function and alterations in the tail-directed folding of chromatin fibers and higher order structures are the probable outcome of much of the post-translational modifications occurring in these domains. The functions of the tail domains are likely to involve complex intra-and inter-nucleosomal histone-DNA interactions, yet little is known about either the structures or interactions of these domains. Here we introduce a method for examining inter-nucleosome interactions of the tail domains in a model dinucleosome and determine the propensity of each of the four N-terminal tail domains to mediate such interactions in this system. Using a strong nucleosome "positioning" sequence, we reconstituted a nucleosome containing a single histone site specifically modified with a photoinducible cross-linker within the histone tail domain, and a second nucleosome containing a radiolabeled DNA template. These two nucleosomes were then ligated together and cross-linking induced by brief UV irradiation under various solution conditions. After cross-linking, the two templates were again separated so that cross-linking representing inter-nucleosomal histone-DNA interactions could be unambiguously distinguished from intra-nucleosomal cross-links. Our results show that the N-terminal tails of H2A and H2B, but not of H3 and H4, make internucleosomal histone-DNA interactions within the dinucleosome. The relative extent of intra-to inter-nucleosome interactions was not strongly dependent on ionic strength. Additionally, we find that binding of a linker histone to the dinucleosome increased the association of the H3 and H4 tails with the linker DNA region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and Inter-nucleosomal Protein-DNA Interactions of the Core Histone Tail Domains in a Model System

Zheng

Hayes

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…RNA from three embryos was loaded in each lane and the autoradiograph exposed for 24 h. Sn RNAs were tentatively identified according to their mobility by comparison with transcripts described by Newport and Kirschner (1982). 5S RNA markers (lane M) are 32P-labelled transcripts from cloned 5S DNAs, pXlsl (S, 5S0m, Peterson et al, 1980) and pXlo8 (0, 5S1, Brown and Gurdon, 1978). ratio must have occurred between maturation of the oocyte and the onset of transcription at stage 8 ( Figure 2, stage 2-8).…”

Section: _ Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trs/gene/h, transcripts accumulated per gene per h, assuming ploidy as above, and assuming that the haploid genome has 20 000 5SI genes and 400 5SS°m genes (Brown et al, 1977;Peterson et al, 1980;Harper et al, 1983 Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the pattern of 5S RNA synthesis observed in fertilised egg (F) and NT embryos. Within each pair of F and NT embryos, both fertilized egg embryos and the recipient eggs used for nuclear transplantation derive from the same female.…”

Section: _ Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic regulation of 5S RNA genes in nuclear-transplant embryos.

Wakefield

Gurdon

1983

The EMBO Journal

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In the normal development of Xenopus laevis, genes for oocyte-type and somatic-type 5S RNAs are both expressed in late blastulae. Estimates of rates of synthesis indicate that the oocyte-type genes (5S°O9 undergo at least a 100-fold reduction in transcriptional activity between the end of oogenesis and the late blastula stage, and at least a further 20-fold reduction during gastrulation. When neurula nuclei, with inactive 5SO°genes, were transplanted to enucleated eggs, the resulting nuclear-transplant embryos showed a reactivation of 550c genes in blastulae and a subsequent inactivation after this stage. This effect is not explicable by a differential stability of the two types of 5S RNA. We conclude that egg or early embryo cytoplasm must contain components which can continuously regulate 5S gene expression, and that the mechanism by which 5S°0c genes are developmentally inactivated does not persist through mitosis in early embryos. These results have been obtained by a new procedure in which oocyte-and somatic-type 5S RNAs are separated in a 4 M urea-1507o acrylamide gel.

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“…Nevertheless, the ocurrence of divergent variants of 5S rDNA within a genome has been described in animals, plants and fungi (for example, Fernandez et al, 2005;Rooney and Ward, 2005;Caradonna et al, 2007), and in some cases, differences in the RNA coding regions were found to correspond to tissue-specific variants (Peterson et al, 1980). Therefore, recent studies have pointed out to a more complex evolutionary scenario in which birth-and-death processes generate new 5S rDNA variants that may be homogenised by unequal crossing-overs and gene conversions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The linked units of 5S rDNA and U1 snDNA of razor shells (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pharidae)

et al. 2011

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The linkage between 5S ribosomal DNA and other multigene families has been detected in many eukaryote lineages, but whether it provides any selective advantage remains unclear. In this work, we report the occurrence of linked units of 5S ribosomal DNA (5S rDNA) and U1 small nuclear DNA (U1 snDNA) in 10 razor shell species (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pharidae) from four different genera. We obtained several clones containing partial or complete repeats of both multigene families in which both types of genes displayed the same orientation. We provide a comprehensive collection of razor shell 5S rDNA clones, both with linked and nonlinked organisation, and the first bivalve U1 snDNA sequences. We predicted the secondary structures and characterised the upstream and downstream conserved elements, including a region at À25 nucleotides from both 5S rDNA and U1 snDNA transcription start sites. The analysis of 5S rDNA showed that some nontranscribed spacers (NTSs) are more closely related to NTSs from other species (and genera) than to NTSs from the species they were retrieved from, suggesting birth-and-death evolution and ancestral polymorphism. Nucleotide conservation within the functional regions suggests the involvement of purifying selection, unequal crossing-overs and gene conversions. Taking into account this and other studies, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which both multigene families could have become linked in the Pharidae lineage. The reason why 5S rDNA is often found linked to other multigene families seems to be the result of stochastic processes within genomes in which its high copy number is determinant.

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Characterization of two xenopus somatic 5S DNAs and one minor oocyte-specific 5S DNA

Cited by 316 publications

References 25 publications

Intra- and Inter-nucleosomal Protein-DNA Interactions of the Core Histone Tail Domains in a Model System

Intra- and Inter-nucleosomal Protein-DNA Interactions of the Core Histone Tail Domains in a Model System

Cytoplasmic regulation of 5S RNA genes in nuclear-transplant embryos.

The linked units of 5S rDNA and U1 snDNA of razor shells (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pharidae)

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