Characterization of Two Types of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Their Different Contributions to Neovasculogenesis

Abstract

Objective-Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in one study group is not the same as EPC in other investigators, suggesting that EPC is not a single type of cell population. In this study, we tried to demonstrate the heterogeneity of EPC. Methods and Results-We cultured total mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood to get two types of EPC sequentially from the same donors. We called them early EPC and late EPC. Early EPC with spindle shape showed peak growth at 2 to 3 weeks and died at 4 weeks, whereas late EPC with cobblestone shape appeared late at 2 to 3 weeks, showed exponential growth at 4 to 8 weeks, and lived up to 12 weeks.

Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells as a Pathogenetic Marker of Moyamoya Disease

“…Colonies were counted manually in a minimum of 3 wells in 12-well plates by two independent observers who were unaware of clinical profiles; results are expressed as average number of CFUs per well. In selected samples, the endothelial phenotype was confirmed using specific indicators, that is, according to the uptake of 1,1 0 -dioctadecyl-3,3,3 0 ,3 0 -tetramethylindocarbocyanine-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Biomedical Technologies Inc., Stoughton, MA, USA), and by immunostaining using FITC-labeled Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (Sigma) and anti-CD31 (1:20; DAKO, Carpinteria, CA, USA), antivascular endothelium cadherin (1:50; Chemicon, Billerica, MA, USA), anti-CD34 (1:20; DAKO), and anti-kinase domain receptor (1:50; Sigma) antibodies, as previously described (Hur et al, 2004;Yoon et al, 2005;Chu et al, 2008;Jung et al, 2008).…”

“…Matters are further complicated by the fact that a subset of outgrowth cells with the endothelial phenotype develops during long-term cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) (Hur et al, 2004;Yoon et al, 2005;Jung et al, 2008). Outgrowth cells represent an EPC population with vasculogenic potential.…”

Impaired Vascular Remodeling after Endothelial Progenitor Cell Transplantation in MMP9-Deficient Mice Suffering Cortical Cerebral Ischemia

“…1 There are two subsets of EPCs: the so-called circulating angiogenic cells and the outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs). 2 Both types of EPCs have been demonstrated to increase brain angiogenesis in animal models of cerebral ischemia. [3][4][5] The degradation and remodeling of the vascular basal membrane is required to allow endothelial cells to migrate, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have key roles in the initial steps of angio-vasculogenesis.…”

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial function, carotid intima–media thickness and circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction in people with type 1 diabetes without macrovascular disease or microalbuminuria

“…Mature and immature EPCs contribute to a similar extent to neovasculogenesis in vivo [19]. VEGFR-2 mediates most of the downstream angiogenic effects of VEGF, including microvascular permeability and endothelial cell proliferation, while VE-cadherin is specifically expressed in adherent junctions of endothelial cells and exerts important functions in cell-cell adhesion, thus promoting the integrity of the endothelium [20,21].…”