Characterization of two endopolygalacturonase isozymes produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici

Strand, Larry L.; Corden, Malcolm E.; MacDonald, Donald L.

doi:10.1016/0005-2744(76)90333-8

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…was purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, CMSephadex, and hydroxyapatite (Bio-Rad HTP) according to described techniques (21,23), then by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and isoelectric focusing in a pH 5 to 8 gradient (LKB Ampholine). The Fusarium endoPG consisted of a mixture of charge isomers (21,23 added to 5 ml of suspension to establish final enzyme concentrations of 200 RVu/ml for the endoPGs and cellulase, and 20 RVu/ml for the exopolygalacturonase (exoPG).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The Fusarium endoPG consisted of a mixture of charge isomers (21,23 added to 5 ml of suspension to establish final enzyme concentrations of 200 RVu/ml for the endoPGs and cellulase, and 20 RVu/ml for the exopolygalacturonase (exoPG). The lower viscosity reducing activity of the exoPG had been determined to represent an amount of activity equivalent to the Verticillium endoPG in potential bond hydrolyzing activity (22 …”

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Polygalacturonases Release Cell-Wall-bound Proteins

Strand¹,

Rechtoris²,

Mussell³

1976

Plant Physiol.

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Puified polygaacturonases from two fungi released proteins from wai fractions prepared from three plant species. Peroxidase activity was associated with the proteins released from the ceil wails, and several of the protein fractions released contained hydroxyproline. Ceilulase, purifled free of pectic enzyme activity, was ineffective in releasing ceil wail proteins. Specific inhibition of endopolygalacturonase activity prevented release of the proteins.Endopolygalacturonases and endopectate lyases, enzymes that degrade the galacturonate polymers of plant cell walls, cause cell death when applied to excised tissues (3,4,13,20), leaves and cuttings (5, 13), and intact plants (14). Peroxide appears to be involved in the endoPG2-induced damage to cotton leaf tissue (13). Peroxidases are associated with plant cell walls (2,16,17, 24), and are released from isolated cell walls by purified endopectate lyase (3) and purified endoPG (22). Release of peroxidases from cell walls may be important in the endoPG-induced damage of some plant tissues. In addition, the release of proteins by pectic enzymes is important to our understanding of the localization of proteins in plant cell walls and could be a means of obtaining cell wall proteins in a relatively native state. We have studied the release of wall proteins using cell walls from three plant species and purified pectic enzymes from two fungi. MATERIALS AND METHODSCell Wail Preparation. A modification of Barnett's technique (2) was used to prepare cell walls from potato tuber tissues, carrot xylem parenchyma, and etiolated cotton hypocotyls. Potato tubers and carrots were purchased locally. Cotton hypocotyls were grown in the dark for 8 days in Jiffy-Mix (Jiffy Products of America, West Chicago, Ill.) at 26 to 29 C. Excised tissues were homogenized in a chilled Sorvall Omni-Mixer for 2 min in 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4, containing 1% (v/v) 1-octanol. Homogenized material was rinsed on Miracloth with several liters of ice-cold deionized H20, suspended in 100 ml of the phosphate buffer containing 2 M NaCl, and allowed to stand for at least 30 min at 4 C. The cold water rinse was repeated, and the osmotically shocked material was passed through a prechilled French pressure cell at 10,000 to 12,000 p.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Polygalacturonases Release Cell-Wall-bound Proteins

Strand¹,

Rechtoris²,

Mussell³

1976

Plant Physiol.

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“…Highly methyl-esterified pectin is considerably less susceptible to PG than pectin with a low degree of esterification, particularly so for exolytic PGs (Pérez Artés and Tena, 1990). Exolytic as well as endolytic PGs have been reported for F. oxysporum (Pérez Artés and Tena, 1990;Strand et al, 1976). In both cases the action of PME prepares the way for fungal PGs (Langcake et al, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In our hands, the pI values of the enzymes produced on pectin medium were identical or in the same range. Given the large variation in PG profile (pI, molecular weight, mode of activity) among and even within formae speciales of F. oxysporum (Pérez Artés and Tena, 1990;Strand et al, 1976;Suresh et al, 1984) and the different methods for PG detection used by the different authors, a comparison of the enzymes encountered in this study with those reported from other formae speciales cannot be made until the presently described enzymes have been further characterized. Furthermore, most of these studies were performed in vitro and enzymes with high pI produced in planta as presently reported may well have been overlooked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The action of pectic enzymes is often already sufficient to cause host tissue maceration and cell death (Brett and Waldron, 1990;Collmer and Keen, 1986). Polygalacturonase production in vitro has been reported for several formae speciales of F. oxysporum (Cooper and Wood, 1975;Cooper et al, 1978;Pérez Artés and Tena, 1990;Scala et al, 1981;Strand et al, 1976;Suresh et al, 1984) including f.sp. dianthi (Scala et al, 1981).…”

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Baayen¹,

Schoffelmeer²,

Toet³

et al. 1997

European Journal of Plant Pathology

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Fungal polygalacturonase activity reflects susceptibility of carnation cultivars to fusarium wilt Baayen, R.P.; Schoffelmeer, E.A.M.; Toet, S.; Elgersma, D.M. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Key words: breeding, Dianthus caryophyllus, Fusarium oxysporum, pectic enzymes, phytoalexins, resistance AbstractCarnation cultivars with different levels of partial resistance were inoculated with race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and monitored for accumulation of host phytoalexins, fungal escape from compartmentalization, production of fungal pectin-degrading enzymes and development of external disease symptoms. Accumulation of phytoalexins, assessed after 10 days in the first 5 cm above the inoculation site, was weakly (methoxydianthramide S) or not (hydroxydianthalexin B) correlated with resistance levels after 12 weeks. Fungal escape from compartmentalization, assessed after 3 weeks as percentages colonized plants at 8 cm above the inoculation site, was highly correlated with expression of susceptibility after 12 weeks. Polygalacturonase (PG) activity, assessed after 4 weeks in the first 5 cm above the inoculation site, was highly correlated to final disease development. Linear increases in disease severity were accompanied by quadratic increases in PG activity. In contrast to water-treated plants, that lacked any PG activity, inoculated plants contained two main groups of fungal PGs, the dominant forms of which had estimated pI values of 7.0 and minimally 9.5, respectively. Compared to those of the first group, enzymes of the second group were produced only in trace amounts in liquid media containing pectin or polygalacturonate as sole source of carbon. On these media, the fungus also produced a pectin methyl esterase (PME) with an estimated pI of 9.3. Besides PMEs of host origin, inoculated plants of susceptible cultivars contained the fungal PME while no more than traces were found in resistant ones.Assessment of phytoalexin production by the host during defense responses cannot replace monitoring of external symptoms as a resistance test. Assessment of fungal growth, whether by reisolations above the compartmentalization area or by measurement of PG activity, provides a both rapid and reliable prediction of disease development.

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2006

The Fusarium Laboratory Manual

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Characterization of two endopolygalacturonase isozymes produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Polygalacturonases Release Cell-Wall-bound Proteins

Polygalacturonases Release Cell-Wall-bound Proteins

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