Characterization of two Austrian porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) field isolates reveals relationship to East Asian strains

Sinn, Leonie; Zieglowski, Leonie; Koinig, Hanna C.; Lamp, Benjamin; Jansko, Bettina; Mößlacher, Georg; Riedel, Christiane; Hennig-Pauka, Isabel; Rümenapf, Till

doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0293-x

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Sequences that cluster in the same lineage and show a high sequence identity to AUT15-33 could fill the evolutionary gap between the Belgian strains and AUT15-33 but are missing. Surprisingly there is no close relationship to Austrian strains previously detected (e.g., to strains from 2013 to 2014 [26] or earlier [24, 25]). It is questionable whether the lack of close relatives is due to the few sequences available or to a novel introduction to Austria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…For ORF5 and ORF7, a nucleotide identity >99 % was found with the Austrian PRRSV strain ‘Acro’ (KT265737), which has been submitted to GenBank in July 2015 and very likely originates from the same PRRS outbreak. In the phylogenetic tree based on ORF7 both AUT15-33 and Acro cluster with several Croatian strains from 2012 [27], one of them (CRO_PRRSV_3, KF498723) is shown as a representative, but not with other current Austrian PRRSV sequences from 2013 and 2014 [26] (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PRRSV is considered endemic in Austria (as in most other countries) although detailed epidemiological data is limited [21, 22]. Available sequence information on Austrian PRRSV strains include several ORF5 and ORF7 sequences and two full-length genomes of PRRSV isolates [23–26], all belonging to PRRSV-1 subtype 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 1 strain in Lower Austria

Sinn

Klingler²,

Lamp

et al. 2016

Porc Health Manag

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BackgroundIn spring 2015, an outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) struck Lower Austria caused by a PRRS virus (PRRSV) strain spreading rapidly among both previously PRRSV negative and vaccinated pig herds. This case report describes the first well-documented emergence of the PRRSV strain responsible for this outbreak.Case presentationA PRRSV seronegative piglet-producing farm in Lower Austria encountered losses in foetuses and suckling piglets of up to 90 %; clinical signs in sows and nursery piglets included fever and reduced feed intake. Additionally, high percentages of repeat breeders and losses of up to 40 % in nursery piglets occurred. An infection with PRRSV was suggested by the detection of antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by quantitative real time PCR. The underlying PRRSV strain, termed AUT15-33, was isolated by passage on porcine alveolar macrophages, partially sequenced (ORF2-7) and grouped as PRRSV-1, subtype 1. In phylogenetic analysis of the genome region coding for the structural proteins, ORF2-7, AUT15-33 clustered with Belgian strains but identities were as low as 88 %. In contrast, analysis of ORF7 sequences revealed a close relationship to Croatian strains from 2012 with an identity of 94 – 95 %.ConclusionsIn the year following the outbreak, the same PRRSV strain was identified repeatedly in different regions of Austria. It can be speculated that the new strain has novel advantageous properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 1 strain in Lower Austria

Sinn

Klingler²,

Lamp

et al. 2016

Porc Health Manag

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although Bayesian phylodynamic methods became well established for rapidly evolving RNA viruses like PRRS 56,57 , past PRRSv studies continued using traditional phylogenetic methods (e.g. ML trees) to characterize new emerging strains, without accounting for their related evolutionary parameters, spatial or temporal information [58][59][60][61][62] . Furthermore, they continued to use the RFLP patterns to genotype the newly detected strains and made unrealistic and unsupported conclusions about their origins, transmission and evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approaches for Spatial and Molecular Surveillance of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSv) in the United States

Alkhamis

Arruda

Morrison

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The US swine industry has been impaired over the last 25 years by the far-reaching financial losses caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Here, we explored the relations between the spatial risk of PRRS outbreaks and its phylodynamic history in the U.S during 1998–2016 using ORF5 sequences collected from swine farms in the Midwest region. We used maximum entropy and Bayesian phylodynamic models to generate risk maps for PRRS outbreaks and reconstructed the evolutionary history of three selected phylogenetic clades (A, B and C). High-risk areas for PRRS were best-predicted by pig density and climate seasonality and included Minnesota, Iowa and South Dakota. Phylodynamic models demonstrated that the geographical spread of the three clades followed a heterogeneous spatial diffusion process. Furthermore, PRRS viruses were characterized by typical seasonality in their population size. However, endemic strains were characterized by a substantially slower population growth and evolutionary rates, as well as smaller spatial dispersal rates when compared to emerging strains. We demonstrated the prospects of combining inferences derived from two unique analytical methods to inform decisions related to risk-based interventions of an important pathogen affecting one of the largest food animal industries in the world.

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“…This deletion lies within a neutralizing domain of GP3 and GP4 identified in LV [55, 56]. Interestingly, a 12 amino acid deletion at this same position was reported for the isolate AUT14-440 closely related to IVI-1173 and isolated very recently in Austria [57] (Figures 3A and B). The deletion may be the consequence of selective pressure exerted by neutralizing antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Heterogeneous antigenic properties of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid

Rappe

García-Nicolás²,

Flückiger³

et al. 2016

Vet Res

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an arterivirus responsible for a widespread contagious disease of domestic pigs with high economic impact. Switzerland is one of the rare PRRSV-free countries in Europe, although sporadic outbreaks have occurred in the past. The PRRSV isolate IVI-1173 from the short outbreak in Switzerland in 2012 was entirely sequenced, and a functional full-length cDNA clone was constructed. Genetic and antigenic characterization of IVI-1173 revealed the importance of amino acid 90 of the nucleocapsid protein N as part of a conformational epitope. IVI-1173 was not detected by SDOW17, a monoclonal antibody against N widely used to detect PRRSV-infected cells. Substitution of alanine at position 90 of N [N(A90)] with a threonine [N(T90)] restored reactivity of vIVI1173-N(T90) to SDOW17 completely. The relevance of this amino acid for the conformational SDOW17 epitope of PRRSV N was further confirmed by the opposite substitution in a functional cDNA clone of the genotype 2 isolate RVB-581. Finally, N proteins from ten genotype 1 strains differing from threonine at position 90 were analysed for reactivity with SDOW17. N(A90) totally disrupted or severely affected the epitope in 7 out of 8 strains tested. Based on these findings, 225 genotype 1 strains were screened for the prevalence of N(A90). N(A90) is rare in classical subtype 1 and in subtype 3 strains, but is frequent in Russian subtype 1 (70%) and in subtype 2 (45%) isolates. In conclusion, this study highlights the variable antigenic properties of N among genotype 1 PRRSV strains.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-016-0399-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Characterization of two Austrian porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) field isolates reveals relationship to East Asian strains

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Emergence of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 1 strain in Lower Austria

Emergence of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 1 strain in Lower Austria

Novel approaches for Spatial and Molecular Surveillance of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSv) in the United States

Heterogeneous antigenic properties of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid

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