Characterization of trypanosome isolates from cattle in Uganda using species-specific DNA probes reveals predominance of mixed infections

Nyeko, J. H. P.; ole-MoiYoi, Onesmo K.; Majiwa, Phelix A.O.; Otieno, L. H.; Ociba, P. M.

doi:10.1017/s1742758400012674

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similar negative results have been observed in infections in G. pallidipes sampled in different parts of East Africa (Majiwa & Otieno, 1990;Nyeko et al 1990;Mihok et al 1992). Data shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Other synthetic oligonucleotide primers were based on the published sequences of the repetitive DNA specific for each of the respective trypanosome species (Kimmel et al 1987;Moser et al 1989;Majiwa & Otieno, 1990). A list of the primers, their target sequences and specificities is given in Table 2.…”

Section: Pcr Amplificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the course of using DNA probes to identify types and species of trypanosomes evidently present in heavily infected cattle and tsetse flies in different parts of Africa, Nannomonas-type trypanosomes have been observed that do not hybridize with any of the existing probes (Majiwa & Otieno, 1990;Nyeko et al 1990;McNamara et al 1991;Dukes, McNamara & Godfrey, 1991;Mihok et al 1992). Trypanosomes present in one such infection in a Glossina pallidipes caught at the Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary, Tsavo West National Park, Kenya, were isolated successfully in culture directly from the tsetse fly's proboscis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: molecular characterization of a new genotype from Tsavo, Kenya

et al. 1993

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Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense comprises morphologically identical but genetically heterogeneous parasites infective to livestock and other mammalian hosts; three different genotypes of this parasite have been described previously. Restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in both kinetoplast DNA minicircle and nuclear DNA sequences, and randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) patterns have been used here to demonstrate the existence of another type of T. (N.) congolense that is genotypically distinct from those that have so far been characterized at the molecular level. A highly repetitive, tandemly arranged DNA sequence and oligonucleotide primers, for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are described, which can be used for specific identification of the trypanosome and its distinction from others within the Nannomonas subgenus.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Pcr Amplificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: molecular characterization of a new genotype from Tsavo, Kenya

et al. 1993

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“…Information from DNA analysis would have been particularly useful in addressing this question Nyeko et al, 1990). Cryptic variation of trypanosome infections revealed by DNA probes has made it difficult to interpret the results of traditional tsetse fly dissections in areas of complex epizootiology (McNamara & Snow, 1991).…”

Section: Trypanosomiasis In Tsetse Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosome infection rates in tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) and cattle during tsetse control operations in the Kagera River region of Rwanda

Mihok

Otieno

Tarimo

1992

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Trypanosome infections were monitored in three species of tsetse fly (Glossina pallidipes Austen, G. morsitans centralis Machado, and G. brevipalpis Newstead) at four locations in the Kagera River region of Rwanda from May 1989 to September 1990. Two of the four areas (Mpanga Ranch and Bukora Ranch) were subjected to tsetse fly suppression operations with odour-baited traps. Proboscis infections of the Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax types accounted for roughly equal numbers of the 207 mature infections detected (3.8%). Variation in infection rates was area-specific rather than tsetse species-specific. Order of magnitude differences in tsetse fly densities among areas were not correlated with differences in infection rates at the start of tsetse fly suppression operations. Similarly, declines in population density on both control and experimental areas were not associated with significant changes in infection rates. The prevalence of trypanosomiasis in cattle at Bukora Ranch was not affected by a roughly 90% reduction in Glossina densities. T. congolense accounted for 79% of the infections at an overall prevalence rate of 5.5%. Trypanosomiasis in cattle persisted at extremely low densities of about 0.1 fly/trap/day. Treatment of cattle with diminazene aceturate (BereniP) suggested that many T. congolense parasites were drug resistant, and hence, were cycling among cattle due to the few Glossina present.

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“…The 'morsitans group' is the major vector for trypanosomes of the subgenera Trypanozoon and Nannomonas, which respectively include Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Tbb) and Trypanosoma congolense (Tc; the savanah type being the most prevalent in cattle); these are the main nagana-causing parasites in sub-Saharan Africa (Nyeko et al, 1990;Reifenberg et al, 1997;Solano et al, 1999). This disease is responsible for dramatic losses in livestock production, estimated at US$ 4.5 billion/year (Reinhardt, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult blood-feeding tsetse flies, trypanosomes, microbiota and the fluctuating environment in sub-Saharan Africa

2014

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The tsetse fly vector transmits the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei, responsible for Human African Trypanosomiasis, one of the most neglected tropical diseases. Despite a recent decline in new cases, it is still crucial to develop alternative strategies to combat this disease. Here, we review the literature on the factors that influence trypanosome transmission from the fly vector to its vertebrate host (particularly humans). These factors include climate change effects to pathogen and vector development (in particular climate warming), as well as the distribution of host reservoirs. Finally, we present reports on the relationships between insect vector nutrition, immune function, microbiota and infection, to demonstrate how continuing research on the evolving ecology of these complex systems will help improve control strategies. In the future, such studies will be of increasing importance to understand how vector-borne diseases are spread in a changing world.

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Characterization of trypanosome isolates from cattle in Uganda using species-specific DNA probes reveals predominance of mixed infections

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: molecular characterization of a new genotype from Tsavo, Kenya

Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: molecular characterization of a new genotype from Tsavo, Kenya

Trypanosome infection rates in tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) and cattle during tsetse control operations in the Kagera River region of Rwanda

Adult blood-feeding tsetse flies, trypanosomes, microbiota and the fluctuating environment in sub-Saharan Africa

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