Characterization of Tricresylphosphate Lubricating Films by Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Effect of phosphorus-containing additives on the wear of aluminum in the lubricated aluminum-on-steel contact

“…Phosphites, with the larger wear volume, have lower TRA than phosphates. phosphate films with low shear strength [2][3][4][5]. Numerous investigations have shown that under rubbing conditions the antiwear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) properties of P-containing additives are connected with their reactivity towards steel.…”

“…Over the years, extensive laboratory investigations have been carried out to define the type oftribochemical reactions of additives with steel surfaces [2][3][4][5]. It is believed that a protective reaction film containing phosphate salts produced on the steel surface is responsible for the AW and EP properties.…”

Reactivity of Triphenyl Phosphorothionate in Lubricant Oil Solution

“…metal-free) additives, such as organosulfur compounds [6], phosphates [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], amine phosphates [12], phosphites [11,[17][18][19], phosphorothionates [12][13][14][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], and dithiophosphates [12,21,22,24].…”

“…Several analytical techniques have been employed to characterize the reaction layers, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [7,12,14,25,26], X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) [13,[21][22][23][24], X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (X-PEEM) [24], scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [20,21], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) [7,14,16], Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) [8-10, 14, 17, 18], and atomic force microscopy (AFM) [22]. Najman et al investigated the thermal films and tribofilms formed by phenyl phosphates on steel [13].…”

Thermal degradation of synthetic lubricants under oxidative pyrolytic conditions

“…Triaryl phosphates are commonly used world-wide as lubricants due to their superior performance compared to natural or synthetic hydrocarbon oils [1][2][3] with an annual consumption of several thousands of tons [4]. They are mainly used as a synthetic lubricant in several high temperature industrial applications (ovens, electric soldering and industrial press) and as an anti-wear additive in several synthetic ester formulations of aviation turbine engines [5,6].…”