Characterization of trace elements exposure in pregnant women in the United States, NHANES 1999–2016.

Watson, Christina; Lewin, Michael; Ragin-Wilson, Angela; Jones, Robert L.; Jarrett, Jeffery M.; Wallon, Kristen; Ward, Cynthia D.; Hilliard, Nolan; Irvin-Barnwell, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109208

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Our results show a persistent decline in BLLs in the US from 1999-2000 to 2015-2016 irrespective of age, gender, ethnicity, and poverty-income ratio. The decline is consistent with a number of previous population-based studies [22][23][24][25][26][27][28], including our previous study [29]. This has once again demonstrated the effectiveness of public health efforts to abate environmental exposure to lead in the US.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Since then, the observation was confirmed in numerous studies and the disparities persisted over the past four decades [22-4, 27, 33-36]. In 2013-2014, the mean BLLs in black children was still 36% higher than in white children [29]. Children at the age of 1-5 years that were non-Hispanic black, from a low-income family and living in housing built before 1950 were in the highest risk groups for lead poisoning [24,34,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Are Blood Lead Levels in the United States Still Declining? The US National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016

Lui¹,

Tsoi²,

Cheung³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Lead is toxic without a safe limit. The current upper reference blood lead level (BLL), 5 μg/dL, came from the 97.5th percentile in children aged 1-5 years in NHANES 2007-2010.Objectives: We studied the latest trend in BLL in US NHANES and estimated the proportion of children with BLL ≥5 μg/dL, which would inform the setting of an upper reference level.Methods: We analyzed 68877 participants (aged 1 to 85 years) with BLL measurements in NHANES 1999-2016 using SPSS complex sample module v25.0.Results: In NHANES 2011-2012, 2013-2014, and 2015-2016, the mean and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of BLLs (μg/dL) were 0.97 (0.96, 0.99), 0.86 (0.85, 0.87), and 0.82 (0.81, 0.83), respectively (P <0.0001). The estimated proportion (95% CI) of children aged 1-5 years with elevated BLL (EBLL) in 2011-2012, 2013-2014, and 2015-2016 were 2.0% (1.3, 3.0), 0.5% (0.4, 0.7), and 1.3% (0.8, 2.3), respectively (P=0.267). In 2015-2016, the proportion of children with EBLL was similar in high- and low-income groups (P = 0.9979). The estimated 97.5th percentile of BLL in children was 3.71 μg/dL in NHANES 2015-2016.Conclusions: BLL continued to decline in the overall US population. The disparity in BLL in children from higher and lower income families has decreased. Our findings support a reduction in the reference BLL, continual monitoring of population BLL and continual efforts to reduce environmental exposure to lead.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Are Blood Lead Levels in the United States Still Declining? The US National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016

Lui¹,

Tsoi²,

Cheung³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Besides, in sample selection, time of day, food and the consumed meals' interval, recent exercise, or other forms of stress all can result in obvious fluctuations [17]. In our study, serum zinc concentration was obviously higher than the value reported in previous Chinese studies [18], similar to the data in some countries and regional documents, but slightly lower than the results of USA [19], EU [20,21], Korea [22], and Japan [23]. In this regard, there was a trivial difference in zinc deficiency prevalence as compared to the significant changes in serum zinc concentration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Evaluation of Serum Zinc Status of Pregnant Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) 2015

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum zinc status of pregnant women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) in 2015–2016. Methods: A total of 7147 apparently healthy pregnant women were randomly selected in 302 national monitoring sites. Information on age, race, residence region, education, pregnancy, and family income per annum was collected, and the concentration of serum zinc was determined. The evaluation of serum zinc status was further performed according to the recommendations by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Results: The median concentration of serum zinc was 858.9 μg/L with an interquartile range (IQR) of 712.9 μg/L and 1048.9 μg/L, while the overall prevalence of zinc deficiency was 3.5% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.0% and 3.9%. Serum zinc status of pregnant women changed greatly in the different categories, particular in pregnancy and family income per annum (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of zinc deficiency (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The lower prevalence of zinc deficiency generally indicated a better zinc status for pregnant women in the CACDNS in 2015–2016. However, a well-designed evaluation system of zinc status for pregnant women should be continually optimized and improved by inducing more parameters such as biochemical, dietary, or functional indicators.

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“…The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reported on the urine, blood, and serum metal concentrations among both pregnant and nonpregnant women in the United States from 1999 to 2016 and found that the detection rate for arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium among both pregnant and nonpregnant women of childbearing age ranged from 83% to 99%, with higher mean urine total arsenic, urine mercury, and urine lead levels in pregnant than nonpregnant women. 44 A recent study of 210 pregnant women across 6 counties in North Carolina evaluated exposure to cadmium, mercury, lead, and arsenic, and >55% of pregnant women had detectable levels of each tested metal; some women had blood levels exceeding the 95th percentile for the population in the United States. 41 Across the United States, exposure levels vary by location but also by race and socioeconomic status.…”

Section: Inorganicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey has conducted biomonitoring to measure PFOA and PFOS levels in a representative sample of the population in the United States over time, and the trend shows declining serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS. 44 Despite these efforts, it is estimated that more than 97% of the population in the United States has measurable levels of PFAs in their bodies 109 ; unfortunately, thresholds of harm are uncertain.…”

Section: Combinations Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to toxic metals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the risk of preeclampsia and preterm birth in the United States: a review

Stone

Sutrave

Gascoigne

et al. 2021

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM

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Preeclampsia and preterm birth are among the most common pregnancy complications and are the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in the United States. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are multifactorial in nature and increasing evidence suggests that the pathophysiology behind preterm birth and preeclampsia may be similar-specifically, both of these disorders may involve abnormalities in placental vasculature. A growing body of literature supports that exposure to environmental contaminants in the air, water, soil, and consumer and household products serves as a key factor influencing the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In pregnant women, toxic metals have been detected in urine, peripheral blood, nail clippings, and amniotic fluid. The placenta serves as a "gatekeeper" between maternal and fetal exposures, because it can reduce or enhance fetal exposure to various toxicants. Proposed mechanisms underlying toxicant-mediated damage include disrupted placental vasculogenesis, an up-regulated proinflammatory state, oxidative stressors contributing to prostaglandin production and consequent cervical ripening, uterine contractions, and ruptured membranes and epigenetic changes that contribute to disrupted regulation of endocrine and immune system signaling. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of studies examining the relationships between environmental contaminants in the US setting, specifically inorganic (eg, cadmium, arsenic, lead, and mercury) and organic (eg, per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances) toxicants, and the development of preeclampsia and preterm birth among women in the United States.

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Characterization of trace elements exposure in pregnant women in the United States, NHANES 1999–2016.

Cited by 61 publications

References 47 publications

Are Blood Lead Levels in the United States Still Declining? The US National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016

Are Blood Lead Levels in the United States Still Declining? The US National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016

Evaluation of Serum Zinc Status of Pregnant Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) 2015

Exposure to toxic metals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the risk of preeclampsia and preterm birth in the United States: a review

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