Characterization of Total, Free and Esterified Phytosterols in Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheats

Abstract

Dietary plant sterols have received increasing attention in recent years due to their favorable health benefits. The present research focused on quantification of phytosterols as free, esterified and total forms in different tetraploid (5 cultivars of Triticum durum Desf., 9 cultivars of Triticum dicoccon Schrank) and hexaploid (5 cultivars of T. aestivum L., 12 cultivars of Triticum spelta L.) wheats. Tetraploid wheats showed the highest content of total sterol (79.4 and 79.5 mg of sterols /100 g dry weight for T. durum and T. dicoccon, respectively). Hexaploid cultivars were the best source of esterified sterols (40.7% and 37.3% of total sterols for Triticum aestivum and T. spelta, respectively). Significant amounts of free sterols (65.5% and 60.7% of total sterols for T. durum and T. dicoccon, respectively) were found in the tetraploid cultivars. The most abundant phytosterol in all wheat samples was sitosterol accounting for 45.1-59.1, 46.6-57.4 and 38.6-59.5% of total, free and esterified sterol fraction, respectively. These results demonstrate that although the sterol profile present in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species is the same, differences in their relative amounts and distribution allow statistical differentiation between hexaploids and tetraploids, and between soft and durum wheats.

Extraction Technology Can Impose Influences on Peanut Oil Functional Quality: A Study to Investigate the Lipid Metabolism by Sprague–Dawley Rat Model

“…The squalene content was analyzed according to the method of Iafelice, Verardo, Marconi, and Caboni () with slight modifications. Squalene was identified and quantified by an Agilent 7820A GC (Agilent Corp.) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID), using a HP‐5 capillary column (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 μm; ThermoFisher).…”

Effect of nitrogen fertilisation rates on the content of fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and phenolic compounds, and on the oxidative stability of walnuts

“…The trimethylsilyl derivatives (TMS) of sterols were analysed as reported by Iafelice, Verardo, Marconi, and Caboni (2009). The analysis was carried out in triplicate for each treatment.…”

A comparative study of bioactive compounds in primitive wheat populations from Italy, Turkey, Georgia, Bulgaria and Armenia

“…Phytosterol, consumed with the diet, can influence cholesterol metabolism and the main health‐promoting effect is lowering of serum cholesterol . It has been demonstrated that although tetraploid and hexaploid wheat sterol profiles were qualitatively the same, they differed significantly on the basis of the relative amounts of specific compounds …”

“…17 It has been demonstrated that although tetraploid and hexaploid wheat sterol profiles were qualitatively the same, they differed significantly on the basis of the relative amounts of specific compounds. 18,19 In several countries primitive wheats also represent the basis for the manufacture of local foods that are now being revalued after a long period of neglect. Their production has survived and was recently resumed in some areas of Western Europe, where there is considerable interest in the consumption of ancient wheats, especially in organic, specialty and health food markets.…”