Characterization of titanium aluminide alloy components fabricated by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting

Murr, L. E.; Gaytan, Sara M.; Ceylan, Ali; Martínez, E.; Martínez, José Luis; Hernandez, D.H.; Machado, B.I.; Ramirez, D. A.; Medina, Francisco; Collins, Shane; Wicker, Ryan B.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2009.11.032

Cited by 417 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This need, concurrently, has led to a number of research activities and publications on additive manufacturing, with common microstructural features observed, including (depending upon the processing parameters) large columnar grains, [4] compositional fluctuations, [3] unmelted particles or other anomalies, [5] zigzag grains, [6] and columnar-to-equiaxed transitions (CETs). [7] To develop the aforementioned relationships, it is necessary to understand at a minimum, and predict if possible, microstructural attributes including grain size, composition fluctuations, unmelted particles, grain orientation/ crystal texture, and any spatial variations in these features.…”

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Bermingham et al [24] did not explain the reason for difference in the b term or the slope of the curves (see Eq. [5]), calculated for the same system, Ti-Si. The observed differences in the slopes for the same system in Figure 6 can be interpreted by considering the proportionality between the undercooling factor expressed as P = 62C 0 (Ti-Si system) and the b term of the Easton and St. John equation.…”

Section: B Effect Of W On Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term b is the slope defined in Eq. [5], where b 1 is a constant and DT n is the undercooling necessary to activate nucleation. Higher values of b (the slope) represent lower potency of nuclei as they require a high undercooling (DT n ) to be activated.…”

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys

Mendoza

Samimi

Brice

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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It is necessary to better understand the composition-processing-microstructure relationships that exist for materials produced by additive manufacturing. To this end, Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENSä), a type of additive manufacturing, was used to produce a compositionally graded titanium binary model alloy system (Ti-xW specimen (0 £ x £ 30 wt pct), so that relationships could be made between composition, processing, and the prior beta grain size. Importantly, the thermophysical properties of the Ti-xW, specifically its supercooling parameter (P) and growth restriction factor (Q), are such that grain refinement is expected and was observed. The systematic, combinatorial study of this binary system provides an opportunity to assess the mechanisms by which grain refinement occurs in Ti-based alloys in general, and for additive manufacturing in particular. The operating mechanisms that govern the relationship between composition and grain size are interpreted using a model originally developed for aluminum and magnesium alloys and subsequently applied for titanium alloys. The prior beta grain factor observed and the interpretations of their correlations indicate that tungsten is a good grain refiner and such models are valid to explain the grain-refinement process. By extension, other binary elements or higher order alloy systems with similar thermophysical properties should exhibit similar grain refinement.

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Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Effect Of W On Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys

Mendoza

Samimi

Brice

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…For example, Ti6Al4V was investigated using EBM because of its effective impact in automotive engine components especially, pistons and engine exhaust valves and high potential characteristics of Ti6Al4V as well (low density and high specific strength) [7,11,15]. An example of blisk repairing using AM technology is shown in Canada (NRCC) has tested the mechanical properties of several materials (Ti6Al4V, Fe-based tool steel.…”

Section: Aerospace and Automotive Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design for additive manufacturing of composite materials and potential alloys: a review

Hegab

2016

Manufacturing Rev.

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-As a first step of applying additive manufacturing (AM) technology, plastic prototypes have been produced using various AM Process such as Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA) and other processes. After more research and development, AM has become capable of producing complex net shaped in materials which can be used in applicable parts. These materials include metals, ceramics, and composites. Polymers and metals are considered as commercially available materials for AM processes; however, ceramics and composites are still considered under research and development. In this study, a literature review on design for AM of composite materials and potential alloys is discussed. It is investigated that polymer matrix, ceramic matrix, metal matrix, and fiber reinforced are most common composites through AM. Furthermore, Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) is considered as an effective application of AM because AM offers the ability to control the composition and optimize the properties of the built part. An example of FGM through using AM technology is the missile nose cone which includes an ultra-high temperature ceramic graded to a refractory metal from outside to inside and it used for sustaining extreme external temperatures. During this work, different applications of AM on different classifications of composite materials are shown through studying of industrial objective, the importance of application, processing, results and future challenges.

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“…Murr et al have characterized Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb coupons that were produced by electron beam melting (EBM) 16 . Residual porosity was attributed both to non-optimized build conditions and to Ar bubbles from the atomised powder.…”

Section: ° the Ebm Processmentioning

confidence: 99%