Characterization of tissue and functional deficits in a clinically translational pig model of acute ischemic stroke

Kaiser, Erin E.; Waters, Elizabeth S.; Fagan, Madison M.; Scheulin, Kelly M.; Platt, Simon; Jeon, Julie; Fang, Xi; Kinder, Holly A; Shin, Soo K.; Duberstein, K.J.; Park, Hea J.; West, Franklin D.

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146778

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Due to fibrous dura mater, the increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) in large animal models of stroke is similar to that observed in humans suffering stroke [ 14 ]. Importantly, swine models allow a trustworthy tracking of brain damage evolution using the same non-invasive multimodal imaging sequences and instruments used in clinical practice [ 15 , 16 ] ( Figure 1 ). Pigs also display complex individual behaviors and social interactions that can be analyzed using a number of validated tests [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Pig Brain To Model Human Stroke Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adult swine models of experimental ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) significant damage and/or edema in the WM have been reported [ 16 , 27 , 51 ]. In fact, a recent study with a pig model of ischemic stroke causing deterioration of tracts from the internal capsules showed impaired motor function [ 16 ]. Moreover, a lacunar stroke pig model showed progressive WM damage, including the corticospinal tract [ 52 ].…”

Section: Importance Of White Matter Injury In Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since that first use, craniotomy has been the surgical procedure of choice to expose MCA area prior to electrocoagulation, probably to avoid potential complications related to the removal of an eyeball. Particularly, West’s group has used this swine model in multiple studies, reportedly occluding the distal MCA [ 16 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ]. This method has allowed the production of consistent strokes with high survival rates in minipig strains after occluding different intracranial arteries [ 52 , 101 , 102 , 107 , 139 ].…”

Section: Interventions To Induce Ischemic Strokes In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method of gait analysis has been used again recently in the same model together with the open field test to assess exploratory behavior and motor activity. In this task, the animal enters a relatively wide area and several aspects of its exploratory behavior and motor activity can be recorded by a tracking software [ 16 , 104 ]. Finally, the same group recently adapted the modified Rankin scale to their pig model [ 106 ].…”

Section: Neurological Function Assessment In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas circulatory arrest models have mainly used neurological scoring systems similar to stroke models, traumatic brain injury models have used varied tests and tasks to assess the impairment of different cognitive processes in pigs. One of such tests used somewhat repeatedly is the open field testing, which has also been used in the pig MCAO model [ 16 , 104 , 237 ].…”

Section: Neurological Function Assessment In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relevance of Porcine Stroke Models to Bridge the Gap from Pre-Clinical Findings to Clinical Implementation

Melià-Sorolla

Castaño

DeGregorio-Rocasolano

et al. 2020

IJMS

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In the search of animal stroke models providing translational advantages for biomedical research, pigs are large mammals with interesting brain characteristics and wide social acceptance. Compared to rodents, pigs have human-like highly gyrencephalic brains. In addition, increasingly through phylogeny, animals have more sophisticated white matter connectivity; thus, ratios of white-to-gray matter in humans and pigs are higher than in rodents. Swine models provide the opportunity to study the effect of stroke with emphasis on white matter damage and neuroanatomical changes in connectivity, and their pathophysiological correlate. In addition, the subarachnoid space surrounding the swine brain resembles that of humans. This allows the accumulation of blood and clots in subarachnoid hemorrhage models mimicking the clinical condition. The clot accumulation has been reported to mediate pathological mechanisms known to contribute to infarct progression and final damage in stroke patients. Importantly, swine allows trustworthy tracking of brain damage evolution using the same non-invasive multimodal imaging sequences used in the clinical practice. Moreover, several models of comorbidities and pathologies usually found in stroke patients have recently been established in swine. We review here ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models reported so far in pigs. The advantages and limitations of each model are also discussed.

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