Characterization of thyroid tissue using infrared spectroscopy

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, the number of surgical procedures involving the thyroid gland has increased worldwide; however, no increase in mortality rate has been observed. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique presents evidence in the characterization of multiple tissues, such as the thyroid gland, with the advantage of being rapid and preserving the tissue analyzed. Objectives: Characterize both healthy and pathological thyroid tissues by FTIR spectroscopy. Methods: Patients were selected at the Head and

Metabolic Profile Characterization of Different Thyroid Nodules Using FTIR Spectroscopy: A Review

“…Nevertheless, over the past few years, the metabolomics approach in terms of thyroid diagnosis has shown an enormous evolution, which is due, in part, to the application of several analytical techniques that allow the study of the complete set of small biomolecules that make up a biological sample. The main metabolomics techniques that have mostly been adopted in the thyroid, in an attempt to identify biomarkers, classify the thyroid cancer, facilitate an earlier diagnosis and prevent the development and invasion at the systemic level of the cancer itself, are Mass Spectrometry (MS) [53][54][55], Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) [53,56,57], Raman Spectroscopy [58][59][60] and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. This increase in the number of studies is attributed to the greater availability of improved and accurate metabolomics techniques that exist and also due to the development of appropriate statistical tools that are able to handle the huge amount of data resulting from the samples under analysis [80].…”

“…As previously mentioned, in order to improve the prognosis of patients who present thyroid carcinomas, and taking into account that the majority of these nodular thyroid lesions are receptive to medical and surgical management, it is important to use diagnostic methods that allow their early detection; FTIR spectroscopy seems to be an excellent option to be applied in this context [47]. The available thyroid cancer studies discriminate and characterize both healthy and pathological thyroid samples and the analysis is performed in tissue anatomic pieces obtained after thyroidectomy [61,[66][67][68][69][70][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79], in cytological samples obtained from the realization of FNA biopsies [62,72,75] or even through the application of the FTIR spectroscopy technique in a non-invasive way; that is, applied to the skin surface on thyroid nodules [63][64][65]71].…”

“…Spectral peaks and the corresponding biochemical components and vibrational modes of a typical normal thyroid cytological sample obtained by FNA. Adapted from[47,73,78,86,88,91].…”