Characterization of three halide methyltransferases in Arabidopsis thaliana

Nagatoshi, Yukari; Nakamura, Tatsuo

doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.503

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Because the gene disruption eliminated almost all of the methyl halide emissions from the mutants, the gene was revealed to be involved in methyl halide synthesis and was designated HOL (HARMLESS TO OZONE LAYER; denoted as AtHOL1 in our studies) based on the mutant phenotype (18). Recently, we identified AtHOL1 homologs AtHOL2 and AtHOL3 in Arabidopsis, and we demonstrated biochemically that the three recombinant AtHOLs have SAM-dependent methyltransferase activities (19). In this study, reverse genetic and biochemical analyses of all AtHOL isoforms revealed that AtHOL1 in vivo is involved in the methylation of NCS Ϫ produced by glucosinolate hydrolysis.…”

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confidence: 89%

Arabidopsis HARMLESS TO OZONE LAYER Protein Methylates a Glucosinolate Breakdown Product and Functions in Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola

Nagatoshi

Nakamura

2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Almost all of the chlorine-containing gas emitted from natural sources is methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl), which contributes to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. Methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl) is the most abundant halohydrocarbon emitted into the atmosphere and constitutes about 17% of the chlorine currently in the stratosphere (1). CH 3 Cl is derived mainly from natural sources and contributes to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. As the total abundance of ozone-depleting gases such as chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere has begun to decrease in recent years as a result of The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, the impact of CH 3 Cl emission from natural sources will become greater on the atmospheric chemistry. CH 3 Cl emission into the atmosphere has been estimated at 1,700 -13,600 Gg/year (1), which underscores the great uncertainty of the estimation. Oceans (2), biomass burning (3), woodrotting fungi, and coastal salt marshes (4) are the major sources of CH 3 Cl production. Recently, it was reported that large amounts of CH 3 Cl are emitted from tropical and subtropical plants, which are hence considered as the major sources of CH 3 Cl (5-7). It was estimated that the CH 3 Cl emission from tropical plants could account for 30 -50% of the global CH 3 Cl emission (8). To accomplish an accurate estimation of CH 3 Cl production in the atmosphere through "bottom-up" approaches, elucidating the mechanisms and physiological functions of CH 3 Cl emission from plants will be important.The biological synthesis of methyl halides has been demonstrated mainly by biochemical analyses. The enzymatic activities that transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) 2 to halide ions (Cl Ϫ , Br Ϫ , I Ϫ ), which synthesize methyl halides, were first discovered in cell-free extracts of Phellinus pomaceus (a white rot fungus), Endocladia muricata (a marine red alga), and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant, a halophytic plant) (9). Enzyme purification and cDNA cloning of the methyl chloride transferase (MCT) was first reported with Batis maritima, a halophytic plant that grows abundantly in salt marshes. As high concentrations of ions such as Cl Ϫ are often detrimental to plants, halophytic plants are considered to possess various salt tolerance mechanisms. MCT was hypothesized to control and regulate the internal concentration of Cl Ϫ , rich in the habitat in which halophytic plant grows (10, 11).In the meantime, purification of thiol methyltransferase (TMT), which methylates bisulfide (HS 2 The abbreviations used are: SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine; GC-ECD, gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector; GC-MS, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; HOL, harmless to ozone layer; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; MCT, methyl chloride transferase; MS, Murashige-Skoog; RT, reverse transcription; SAH, S-adenosyl-Lhomocysteine; TMT, thiol methyltransferase.

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Arabidopsis HARMLESS TO OZONE LAYER Protein Methylates a Glucosinolate Breakdown Product and Functions in Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola

Nagatoshi

Nakamura

2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Methyl iodide has been observed to be produced by bacteria [14], fungi [9] and plants [11], and is preferentially generated relative to the other methyl halides in most cases. Genetic sequences and enzymatic mechanisms for bacterial consumption of methyl chloride and methyl bromide have been identified [15], as well as a suite of homologues for methyl halide production in plants [16]. There remains uncertainty regarding whether all primary mechanisms for monohalogenated metabolism have been identified [11,17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Microbial metabolism directly affects trace gases in (sub) polar snowpacks

Redeker

Chong

Aguion

et al. 2017

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Concentrations of trace gases trapped in ice are considered to develop uniquely from direct snow/atmosphere interactions at the time of contact. This assumption relies upon limited or no biological, chemical or physical transformations occurring during transition from snow to firn to ice; a process that can take decades to complete. Here, we present the first evidence of environmental alteration due to in situ microbial metabolism of trace gases (methyl halides and dimethyl sulfide) in polar snow. We collected evidence for ongoing microbial metabolism from an Arctic and an Antarctic location during different years. Methyl iodide production in the snowpack decreased significantly after exposure to enhanced UV radiation. Our results also show large variations in the production and consumption of other methyl halides, including methyl bromide and methyl chloride, used in climate interpretations. These results suggest that this long-neglected microbial activity could constitute a potential source of error in climate history interpretations, by introducing a so far unappreciated source of bias in the quantification of atmospheric-derived trace gases trapped within the polar ice caps.

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“…A genetic analysis of Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants clari ed that the HARMLESS TO OZONE LAYER gene (HOL; AtHOL1 in our study) is involved in the emission of methyl iodide as well as methyl chloride and methyl bromide, which contribute to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer (Rhew et al 2003). Arabidopsis possesses two further HOL paralogs, AtHOL2 and AtHOL3 (Nagatoshi and Nakamura 2007). Biochemical analyses of the three AtHOL proteins showed that they have SAMdependent methyltransferase activities toward iodide ions as well as chloride, thiocyanate, and hydrosul de ions .…”

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“…The second PCR was performed using the inner primers (5′-ATG GCG TCG GCG ATC GT-3′ and 5′-CAC TCC TTG TTC GCA GCA TA-3′ for OsHOL1, 5′-ATG AGC TCG TCG GCG GC-3′ and 5′-TAA AGA AGG GAT GCA GCG TT-3′ for OsHOL2). Each of the cDNA fragments was cloned in-frame with an N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag into an expression vector pDEST15-T that was modified to possess a thrombin recognition site at the C-terminus of GST in pDEST15 (Invitrogen) (Nagatoshi and Nakamura 2007). e recombinant proteins digested with thrombin Copyright © 2012 The Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology had 15 extra amino acids (GSTSLYKKAGSEFAL) at the N-terminus of each OsHOL protein.…”

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confidence: 99%