Characterization of Three Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases of Cryptosporidium parvum

Zhang, Qiang; Shao, Qian; Guo, Yaqiong; Li, Na; Liu, Yu; Su, Jiayuan; Xu, Rui; Zhang, Ziding; Xiao, Lihua; Feng, Yaoyu

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.622203

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“… 48 The inward-rectifying potassium channel 1 (KAT1) is also an ion channel found in Arabidopsis guard cells responsible for opening stomata pores. 49 …”

Section: Physiological Regulation Of Snrk2s In Stomatal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABA activated SnRK2 kinases: an emerging role in plant growth and physiology

Hasan

Waseem

et al. 2022

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Members of the SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family are plant-specific serine or threonine kinases that play a pivotal role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. Members of this plant-specific kinase family have included a critical regulator (SnRK2) of abscisic acid (ABA) response in plants. Plant organ development is governed substantially by the interaction of the SnRK2 and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Recent research has revealed a synergistic link between SnRK2 and ABA signaling in a plant’s response to stress such as drought and shoot growth. SnRK2 kinases play a dual role in the control of SnRK1 and the development of a plant. The dual role of SnRK2 kinases promotes plant growth under optimal conditions and in the absence of ABA while inhibiting the growth of plants in response to ABA. In this review, we have uncovered the roles of ABA-activated SnRK2 kinases in plants, as well as their physiological mechanisms.

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“… 48 The inward-rectifying potassium channel 1 (KAT1) is also an ion channel found in Arabidopsis guard cells responsible for opening stomata pores. 49 …”

Section: Physiological Regulation Of Snrk2s In Stomatal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABA activated SnRK2 kinases: an emerging role in plant growth and physiology

Hasan

Waseem

et al. 2022

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…Data from the present study suggest that Cp CDPK2A is another CDPK that is expressed in multiple life cycle stages of C. parvum , including sporozoites, trophozoites, type 1 meronts, and macrogamonts. However, data obtained from studies of Cp CDPK1, Cp CDPK2A, Cp CDPK3, Cp CDPK4, Cp CDPK5, Cp CDPK6, and Cp CDPK9 indicate that these CDPKs are all expressed in sporozoites and asexual stages of C. parvum , although the relative levels of them could be different ( Zhang et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Su et al, 2022 ). Their subcellular locations, however, appear to differ among Cp CDPKs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inhibition of Cp CDPK1 expression had caused a reduction in parasite load in vitro ( Castellanos-Gonzalez et al, 2016 ; Choudhary et al, 2020 ). Similarly, Cp CDPK1, Cp CDPK4, Cp CDPK6, and Cp CDPK9 have all been shown to participate in the invasion of host cells by C. parvum ( Zhang et al, 2021 ; Su et al, 2022 ). In contrast, Cp CDPK3 and Cp CDPK5 might play some roles mostly during the growth of the parasite ( Zhang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 2A, a Potential Drug Target Against Cryptosporidiosis

Shu

Chu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are important in calcium influx, triggering several biological processes in Cryptosporidium spp. As they are not present in mammals, CDPKs are considered promising drug targets. Recent studies have characterized CpCDPK1, CpCDPK3, CpCDPK4, CpCDPK5, CpCDPK6, and CpCDPK9, but the role of CpCPK2A remains unclear. In this work, we expressed recombinant CpCDPK2A encoded by the cgd2_1060 gene in Escherichia coli and characterized the biologic functions of CpCDPK2A using qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence microscopy, immuno-electron microscopy, and in vitro neutralization. The results revealed that CpCDPK2A protein was highly expressed in the apical region of sporozoites and merozoites and in macrogamonts. Monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against CpCDPK2A failed to block the invasion of host cells. Among the 44 candidate inhibitors from molecular docking of CpCDPK2A, one inhibitor was identified as having a potential effect on both Cryptosporidium parvum growth and CpCDPK2A enzyme activities. These data suggest that CpCDPK2A may play some roles during the development of C. parvum and might be a potential drug target against cryptosporidiosis.

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“…Data generated in the study support previous observations on the importance of CpCDPK1 in the growth of C. parvum. The CDPKs in Cryptosporidium have high phylogenetic homology to their counterparts in T. gondii and P. falciparum [13]. The similarity of these homologous enzymes indicates that CpCDPKs could play important roles in the invasion and growth of C. parvum similar to other apicomplexans [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are single-copied, the multicopy name of CDPK genes illustrates the importance of CDPKs in the biology of the pathogen. Thus far, several CDPKs of C. parvum (CpCDPKs) have been characterized [6,[11][12][13]. Among them, CpCDPK1 has been most studied, with several inhibitors of the enzyme being identified [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Characterization of CpCDPK1 and CpCDPK9, Two Potential Drug Targets Against Cryptosporidiosis

Shen

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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As the invasion, egress, and growth of Cryptosporidium spp. are regulated by the calcium ion, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are considered potential drug targets against these pathogens. In this study, we expressed CpCDPK1 of Cryptosporidium parvum encoded by the cgd3_920 gene and CpCDPK9 encoded by the the cgd7_1260 gene in Escherichia coli, and we conducted some comparative studies with quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and in vitro neutralization assays. By immunofluorescence microscopy, CpCDPK1 was expressed over the entirety of the sporozoites, while CpCDPK9 was mainly expressed in the apical region. The expression of the cgd3_920 gene was the highest at 12 h of the in vitro culture, whereas the expression of the cgd7_1260 gene peaked between 2 h and 6 h. Polyclonal antibodies against these two CpCDPK proteins had similar neutralization efficiency on C. parvum growth, reaching approximately 40%. Of the 50 candidate compounds from the molecular docking of CpCDPK1, 10 had significant in vitro anti-cryptosporidial effects, but only one inhibited enzyme activity. For CpCDPK9, five of the forty-five candidate compounds showed significant in vitro anti-cryptosporidial effects. Results obtained from this study suggest that CpCDPK1 and CpCDPK9 might function differently in C. parvum infection.

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Characterization of Three Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases of Cryptosporidium parvum

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

ABA activated SnRK2 kinases: an emerging role in plant growth and physiology

ABA activated SnRK2 kinases: an emerging role in plant growth and physiology

Characterization of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 2A, a Potential Drug Target Against Cryptosporidiosis

Comparative Characterization of CpCDPK1 and CpCDPK9, Two Potential Drug Targets Against Cryptosporidiosis

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