Characterization of the upper and lower respiratory tract microbiota in Piedmontese calves

Nicola, Isabella; Cerutti, Francesco; Grego, Elena; Bertone, Iride; Gianella, Paola; D’Angelo, Antonio; Peletto, Simone; Bellino, Claudio

doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0372-5

Cited by 64 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…The characterization of distinct niche microbiota throughout the bovine respiratory tract is a novel finding. Compositional differences between URT and lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiotas have been previously observed in cattle [13][14][15]. However, these past studies have been limited in scope, comparing only trans-tracheal aspirations or bronchoalveolar lavages to the nasopharynx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high abundance of Moraxella in the nasal passageways observed in the current study agreed with findings from previous research. Moraxella is often found to be one of the most abundant genera in the URT of cattle [14,[40][41][42]. The role of this genus in BP has been brought into question before, with one previous study finding an association between Moraxella and the development of pneumonia and/or otitis in early life of dairy calves [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle

McMullen

Alexander

Léguillette

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundBacterial bronchopneumonia (BP) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle. While the bacterial composition of the bovine upper respiratory tract (URT) has not been studied in detail, the nasopharynx is generally accepted as the primary source of pathogenic bacteria that cause BP.However, it has recently been shown in humans that the oropharynx may act as the primary reservoir for pathogens that reach the lung. The objective was therefore to describe the bacterial microbiota present along the entire cattle respiratory tract to determine which URT niches may contribute the most to the composition of the lung microbiota. MethodsSeventeen upper and lower respiratory tract locations were sampled from 15 healthy feedlot steer calves. Samples were collected using a combination of swabs, protected specimen brushes, and saline washes. DNA was extracted from each sample and the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) was sequenced.Community composition, alpha-diversity, and beta-diversity were compared among sampling locations. ResultsMicrobiota composition differed across sampling locations, with physiologically and anatomically distinct locations showing different relative abundances of 1,137 observed sequence variants (SVs).An analysis of similarities showed that the lung was more similar to the nasopharynx (R-statistic = 0.091) than it was to the oropharynx (R-statistic = 0.709) or any other URT sampling location. Five distinct metacommunities were identified across all samples after clustering at the genus level using Dirichlet multinomial mixtures. This included a metacommunity found primarily in the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma . Further clustering at the SV level showed a shared metacommunity between the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma dispar .Other metacommunities found in the nostrils, tonsils, and oral microbiotas were dominated by Moraxella , Fusobacterium , and Streptococcus , respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle

McMullen

Alexander

Léguillette

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…However, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes predominate in humans, whereas Proteobacteria and Firmicutes predominate in mice. The respiratory microbiota has also been described in domestic animals (cats, dogs), and in farm animals (pigs, sheeps, and calves), which can serve as relevant translational models for humans ( Ericsson et al, 2016 ; Glendinning et al, 2016 ; Nicola et al, 2017 ; Siqueira et al, 2017 ; Vientos-Plotts et al, 2017a ).…”

Section: Composition Of the Lung Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradigms of Lung Microbiota Functions in Health and Disease, Particularly, in Asthma

et al. 2018

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Improvements in our knowledge of the gut microbiota have broadened our vision of the microbes associated with the intestine. These microbes are essential actors and protectors of digestive and extra-digestive health and, by extension, crucial for human physiology. Similar reconsiderations are currently underway concerning the endogenous microbes of the lungs, with a shift in focus away from their involvement in infections toward a role in physiology. The discovery of the lung microbiota was delayed by the long-held view that the lungs of healthy individuals were sterile and by sampling difficulties. The lung microbiota has a low density, and the maintenance of small numbers of bacteria seems to be a critical determinant of good health. This review aims to highlight how knowledge about the lung microbiota can change our conception of lung physiology and respiratory health. We provide support for this point of view with knowledge acquired about the gut microbiota and intestinal physiology. We describe the main characteristics of the lung microbiota and its functional impact on lung physiology, particularly in healthy individuals, after birth, but also in asthma. We describe some of the physiological features of the respiratory tract potentially favoring the installation of a dysbiotic microbiota. The gut microbiota feeds and matures the intestinal epithelium and is involved in immunity, when the principal role of the lung microbiota seems to be the orientation and balance of aspects of immune and epithelial responsiveness. This implies that the local and remote effects of bacterial communities are likely to be determinant in many respiratory diseases caused by viruses, allergens or genetic deficiency. Finally, we discuss the reciprocal connections between the gut and lungs that render these two compartments inseparable.

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“…Respiratory infection may be characterized into upper and lower respiratory tract infections (109). It has been revealed that air pollution PM may alter anti-mycobacterial respiratory epithelium innate immunity systems (110).…”

Section: Pm25-induced Pathogenesis In Respiratory Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function of PM2.5 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and chronic airway inflammatory diseases (Review)

2018

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Previous research has identified that air pollution is associated with various respiratory diseases, but few studies have investigated the function served by particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in these diseases. PM2.5 is known to cause epigenetic and microenvironmental alterations in lung cancer, including tumor-associated signaling pathway activation mediated by microRNA dysregulation, DNA methylation, and increased levels of cytokines and inflammatory cells. Autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells may also be detected in lung cancer associated with PM2.5 exposure. A number of mechanisms are involved in triggering and aggravating asthma and COPD, including PM2.5-induced cytokine release and oxidative stress. The present review is an overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms of PM2.5-induced pathogenesis in lung cancer and chronic airway inflammatory diseases.

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Characterization of the upper and lower respiratory tract microbiota in Piedmontese calves

Cited by 64 publications

References 60 publications

Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle

Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle

Paradigms of Lung Microbiota Functions in Health and Disease, Particularly, in Asthma

Function of PM2.5 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and chronic airway inflammatory diseases (Review)

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