Characterization of the surface properties of polypyrrole films: Influence of electrodeposition parameters

Patois, Tilia; Lakard, Boris; Monney, Sandrine; Roizard, Xavier; Fiévet, P.

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.10.003

Cited by 75 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…37 However, not only the solvent and the electrolyte can modify the morphology of the polymers, but also other electrodeposition parameters. For example, the galvanostatical polymerization of pyrrole led to different types of PPy as a function of the current density used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructured electrodeposited polypyrrole–phthalocyanine hybrid material, from morphology to ammonia sensing

et al. 2012

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Hybrid materials combining polypyrrole with ionic macrocycles as counterions are electrosynthesized at the surface of platinum interdigitated electrodes. The chemical composition of the hybrid films is characterized by infrared reflexion absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) and their morphology is studied by a range of techniques such as optical topomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The obtained films reveal to be more homogeneous, with smaller crystallites, compared to polypyrrole synthesized with small counterions. Finally, the films exhibit a higher sensitivity to ammonia, with a very good reversibility and with a stable response in a broad range of relative humidity. Overall, we present the advantages of combining ionic phthalocyanines with polypyrrole in enhancing the properties of the final material. Synergetic effects in the structure and properties of polypyrrolephthalocyanine materials open the way to their development in the field of hybrid material and their use in chemosensing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructured electrodeposited polypyrrole–phthalocyanine hybrid material, from morphology to ammonia sensing

et al. 2012

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“…14 Faster electrodeposition as occurs galvanostatically at higher current densities or potentiostatically at higher electrode potentials tends to produce rougher surfaces 15 and inferior properties. 16 The surface roughness is largely determined by the polymer nucleation and deposition growth mechanisms.…”

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The Role of Unbound Oligomers in the Nucleation and Growth of Electrodeposited Polypyrrole and Method for Preparing High Strength, High Conductivity Films

et al. 2012

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Polypyrrole is a material with immensely useful properties suitable for a wide range of electrochemical applications, but its development has been hindered by cumbersome manufacturing processes. Here we show that a simple modification to the standard electrochemical polymerization method produces polypyrrole films of equivalently high conductivity and superior mechanical properties in one-tenth of the polymerization time. Preparing the film as a series of electrodeposited layers with thorough solvent washing between layering was found to produce excellent quality films even when layer deposition was accelerated by high current. The washing step between the sequentially polymerized layers altered the deposition mechanism, eliminating the typical dendritic growth and generating nonporous deposits. Solvent washing was shown to reduce the concentration of oligomeric species in the near-electrode region and hinder the three-dimensional growth mechanism that occurs by deposition of secondary particles from solution. As artificial muscles, the high density sequentially polymerized films produced the highest mechanical work output yet reported for polypyrrole actuators. ABSTRACT: Polypyrrole is a material with immensely useful properties suitable for a wide range of electrochemical applications, but its development has been hindered by cumbersome manufacturing processes. Here we show that a simple modification to the standard electrochemical polymerization method produces polypyrrole films of equivalently high conductivity and superior mechanical properties in onetenth of the polymerization time. Preparing the film as a series of electrodeposited layers with thorough solvent washing between layering was found to produce excellent quality films even when layer deposition was accelerated by high current. The washing step between the sequentially polymerized layers altered the deposition mechanism, eliminating the typical dendritic growth and generating nonporous deposits. Solvent washing was shown to reduce the concentration of oligomeric species in the near-electrode region and hinder the three-dimensional growth mechanism that occurs by deposition of secondary particles from solution. As artificial muscles, the high density sequentially polymerized films produced the highest mechanical work output yet reported for polypyrrole actuators.

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“…Several electrolyte solvents were used to deposit thick (10-30 μm) polypyrrole (PPy) layers which were detached from a stainless steel electrode for the conductivity measurements [1,2]. Acetonitrile and water electrolytes were studied thoroughly in respect of characterization of the solution side surface of polypyrrole films by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy [3,4]. The SEM images of both sides of the polymer films were available easily only when the polymer synthesis involving the liquid/liquid interfaces was undertaken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface morphology of thin polypyrrole films electrodeposited along aqueous electrolyte–organic liquid interface. Influence of temperature and solvent

Wójcik

Grzeszczuk

2015

J Solid State Electrochem

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Nitrobenzene was found dissimilar to 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroform in electrodeposition of electronically conducting polypyrrole at a water/organic solvent junction by means of the three-phase electrode. Morphologies of the two sides of the potentiostatically deposited, freestanding thin polymer films differ distinctly which might be of interest for specific applications. A low temperature of the synthesis at the liquid-liquid junction is preferable for attaining the homogeneous surface morphologies of the polymer films.

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Characterization of the surface properties of polypyrrole films: Influence of electrodeposition parameters

Cited by 75 publications

References 42 publications

Microstructured electrodeposited polypyrrole–phthalocyanine hybrid material, from morphology to ammonia sensing

Microstructured electrodeposited polypyrrole–phthalocyanine hybrid material, from morphology to ammonia sensing

The Role of Unbound Oligomers in the Nucleation and Growth of Electrodeposited Polypyrrole and Method for Preparing High Strength, High Conductivity Films

Surface morphology of thin polypyrrole films electrodeposited along aqueous electrolyte–organic liquid interface. Influence of temperature and solvent

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