Characterization of the surface changes and the aging effects of low-pressure nitrogen plasma treatment in a polyurethane film

Sanchis, M.R.; Calvo, Óscar Seco; Fenollar, O.; García, David; Balart, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2007.09.002

Cited by 125 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For instance, in a study by Hamerli et al [43], SEM images showed that allylamine plasma polymerization yields homogenous pinhole-free layers. In another study by Sanchis et al [44], SEM images showed that nitrogen plasma treatment formed micro-cracks on the sample surface. In this way, SEM can be used on plasma treated samples to give information regarding the deposited film morphology and the treatment effect on the sample surface.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Amine plasma treatment causes a decrease in WCA due to the incorporation of hydrophilic nitrogen and oxygen moieties [43][44][45] onto the sample surface. Oxygen functionalities can be incorporated via two different processes.…”

Section: Water Contact Angle Measurements (Wca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Material removal occurring during plasma treatment increases roughness and contributes to improve the wettability properties of the plasma treated film [44,49].…”

Section: Water Contact Angle Measurements (Wca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFM analysis is useful, not only in a qualitative way but also for quantitative determinations, since it allows a 3D representation of the treated surface and quantifies the effects of the plasma-etching mechanism by calculation of the surface roughness (root-mean-squared roughness, R rms ) [44].…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main factors which resulted in this effect were the loss of amine functional groups and the formation of cross-linked structures due to more fragmentation of allylamine by increasing input power. In another study by Sanchis et al [44], treatment time effect on surface morphology was investigated via AFM imaging. Different surface morphologies with a slight increase in surface roughness were observed as exposure time increased.…”

Section: Effect On Film's Atomic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporation of Primary Amines via Plasma Technology on Biomaterials

Aziz¹,

Morent²

2015

Advances in Bioengineering

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Water Contact Angle Measurements (Wca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Material removal occurring during plasma treatment increases roughness and contributes to improve the wettability properties of the plasma treated film [44,49].…”

Section: Water Contact Angle Measurements (Wca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect On Film's Atomic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporation of Primary Amines via Plasma Technology on Biomaterials

Aziz¹,

Morent²

2015

Advances in Bioengineering

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Soft Liquid Metal Infused Conductive Sponges

Cai

Allioux

Tang

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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202101500is known for its near room temperature melting point of 29.76 °C and presents much lower toxicity comparing to liquid metal mercury. In recent decades, Ga has attracted growing research interests due to its fascinating properties including fluidity, metallic electrical and thermal conductivities. [1] Gallium and its alloys have shown applications in microfluidics, [2] sensing, [3] catalysis, [4] self-healing materials, [5] soft composites for biomedical devices, wearable electronics, [6] and electromagnetic wave shielding materials. [7] Gallium and its alloys are attractive materials for establishing soft composites for flexible and malleable electronics and sensors due to their variable electrical resistance under the modulation by a mechanical load. Especially, Ga and Ga-based alloy droplets, embedded into polymeric matrices, can deform alongside the polymeric materials, unlike solid particles. [8] In other words, by combining fluidic behaviors and metallic nature, Ga and its alloys offer distinct advantages that no other traditional fillers can offer. However, these Ga-based liquid metals also present a native thin passivating oxide layer on their surfaces, which drastically reduces the electrical conductivity of the composites. The insulating properties of Ga-based droplets can be overcome by mechanical rupturing of the oxide layer via pressing, [9] stretching, [10] expansion, [11] and twisting. [12] Therefore, Ga and its alloys have been commonly investigated as electrically conductive fillers for the formation of pressure and motion sensing elastomer composites.A variety of polymers, such as silicone (including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)), [13] polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), [6a,14] and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), [15] have been utilized as matrices for the inclusion of Ga-based fillers. However, a large volume fraction of liquid metal additives and mechanical activation are commonly required to achieve high sensitivity for the elastomer composites. [5a,6a,16] Additionally, such elastomers have intrinsic stretchability limitations. As compared to elastomers, sponge materials allow for much higher degrees of compressibility and reversibility, which present new opportunities for the synthesis of highly sensitive pressure-sensing devices and other electrical components.The distribution of the liquid metal additives into polymeric matrices was shown to affect the resulting thermal and electrical properties. [16][17] Typical strategies to disperse liquid Liquid metal droplets of gallium (Ga) and Ga-based alloys are traditionally incorporated as deformable additives into soft elastomers to make them conductive. However, such a strategy has not been implemented to develop conductive sponges with real sponge-like characteristics. Herein, polyurethanebased sponges with Ga microdroplets embedded inside the polyurethane walls are developed. The liquid phase (at 45 °C) and solid phase (at room temperature) transition of the Ga fillers shows the temperature-dependent functional variations in the mec...

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Aging and annealing behavior of polycarbonate surfaces modified by direct‐current glow discharge in air

Panwar¹,

Barthwal²,

Ray³

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).ABSTRACT: Aging and annealing a polycarbonate (PC) polymer surface treated by direct-current (dc) glow discharge tend to revert it back to its virgin (pristine) state existing before surface modification by glow discharge. This structural recovery during aging and annealing has been studied in terms of the contact angles of test liquids and surface energy and correlated to the parameters of surface treatment such as the treatment time and power. Samples stored in hydrophobic environments such as air and treated by dc glow discharge at higher power levels show less recovery during aging than those treated at lower power levels. Similarly, a longer exposure time at a power level of 2.04 W decreases the extent of structural recovery in terms of surface energy during aging in air.At higher power levels, the higher kinetic energy of plasma species involved during dc glow discharge results in greater thickness of the damaged layer of the polymer surface, and so a PC sample exposed to dc glow discharge at a higher temperature also recovers at a slower rate during the initial phase of aging, whereas samples with surfaces modified by dc glow discharge at room temperature but annealed at a higher temperature show a relatively rapid recovery during the initial phase of aging.

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Characterization of the surface changes and the aging effects of low-pressure nitrogen plasma treatment in a polyurethane film

Cited by 125 publications

References 38 publications

Incorporation of Primary Amines via Plasma Technology on Biomaterials

Incorporation of Primary Amines via Plasma Technology on Biomaterials

Soft Liquid Metal Infused Conductive Sponges

Aging and annealing behavior of polycarbonate surfaces modified by direct‐current glow discharge in air

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