Characterization of the species Malassezia pachydermatis and re-evaluation of its lipid dependence using a synthetic agar medium

Puig, Laura; Bragulat, M.R.; Castellá, G.; Cabañes, F. Javier

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179148

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Traditionally, the lipid-dependent species were thought to occur only on human skin, while M. pachydermatis was assumed to be restricted to animals skin and in particular carnivores [ 39 ]. It is suspected, that other Malassezia species, like M. globosa or M. sympodialis or even lipid-dependent strains of M. pachydermatis could be involved in developing of otitis in dogs, but we were not able to cultivate them [ 40 , 41 ]. Mentioned species were also isolated from the skin of healthy cats [ 39 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of various pathogenic and opportunistic fungi in skin diseases of domestic animals: a retrospective study

Dworecka-Kaszak¹,

Biegańska²,

Dąbrowska³

2020

BMC Vet Res

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Background Fungal infection of animals or humans are common all over the world. Some of microorganisms like fungi, exist on the skin and can be transmitted onto other individuals, other animal species or even humans and cause skin infections. Moreover, they can be the causative agents of severe generalized infections especially in immunocompromised individuals. The study aimed to evaluate the most frequent etiological agents of skin diseases and to compare the prevalence of animal fungal infections in Poland, and to discuss the possibility of transmission to humans in Poland. Results The obtained results are culture based . The fungi most frequently isolated from group of animals with skin lesions were Malassezia pachydermatis (29.14%), and Candida yeasts (27.07%), and dermatophytes (23.5%), including Microsporum canis as majority of them (59.25%), and Trichophyton genus (40.7%), most of them T. mentagrophytes, while Malassezia pachydermatis represented (80%) of isolates in animals with otitis externa. In over 19% of positive fungal cultures obtained from external ear canals Candida yeasts, mainly C. albicans , were identified. Conclusions Dermatomycoses in companion animals are caused by both, mycelial fungi and yeasts. Most frequently isolated were Malassezia pachydermatis and Candida spp. Dermatophytes ( Trichophyton, Microsporum ), were also cultured, but the total number of these isolates seems to decrease. We have not found Cryptococcus neoformans in tested clinical samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of various pathogenic and opportunistic fungi in skin diseases of domestic animals: a retrospective study

Dworecka-Kaszak¹,

Biegańska²,

Dąbrowska³

2020

BMC Vet Res

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“…In quantitative investigations of the skin flora, the culture medium is known to have significant effects on the counts of Malassezia yeasts derived from human skin, prompting analogous canine studies. Amongst Malassezia spp., M. pachydermatis is the least fastidious and normally grows readily on routine media such as SDA, although M. pachydermatis variants with more‐exacting lipid requirements have been isolated …”

Section: Quantification Of Malassezia Populations On Canine and Felinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In early qualitative studies, the addition of 1% Tween 80 to a dextrose/ yeast extract agar enhanced the isolation of M. pachydermatis . Tween 80 was not needed for the selective and differential isolation of M. pachydermatis in the presence of peptone, now recognised as the essential lipid source for growth of that species on SDA . Malassezia pachydermatis was isolated from swab wash samples in comparable numbers after three and seven days of incubation at 32°C on each of five media; SDA, SDA plus 1% Tween 80, Ushijima's medium A, modified Dixon's agar and Leeming's medium .…”

Section: Quantification Of Malassezia Populations On Canine and Felinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology, diagnosis and treatment ofMalasseziadermatitis in dogs and cats Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

Bond

Morris

Guillot

et al. 2020

Veterinary Dermatology

118

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Background -The genus Malassezia is comprised of a group of lipophilic yeasts that have evolved as skin commensals and opportunistic cutaneous pathogens of a variety of mammals and birds.Objectives -The objective of this document is to provide the veterinary community and other interested parties with current information on the ecology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin diseases associated with Malassezia yeasts in dogs and cats.Methods and material -The authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available prior to October 2018. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. The World Association of Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) Clinical Consensus Guideline committee provided guidance and oversight for this process. The document was presented at two international meetings of veterinary dermatology societies and one international mycology workshop; it was made available for comment on the WAVD website for a period of six months. Comments were shared with the GP electronically and responses incorporated into the final document.Conclusions and clinical importance -There has been a remarkable expansion of knowledge on Malassezia yeasts and their role in animal disease, particularly since the early 1990's. Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats has evolved from a disease of obscurity and controversy on its existence, to now being a routine diagnosis in general veterinary practice. Clinical signs are well recognised and diagnostic approaches are well developed. A range of topical and systemic therapies is known to be effective, especially when predisposing factors are identified and corrected.

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“…Historically M. pachydermatis was regarded as being "lipophilic but not lipid-dependent" because it was the only member of the genus to grow on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (Guillot and Bond, 1999). Recently, genome sequencing has confirmed that M. pachydermatis lacks a fatty acid synthase gene like the other members of the genus (Wu et al, 2015), but is uniquely able to utilize lipid fractions within the peptone component of Sabouraud's dextrose agar for growth (Puig et al, 2017). These observations explain its failure to grow on lipidfree defined media and thus M. pachydermatis should now also be regarded as being "lipid-dependent" (Puig et al, 2017).…”

Section: Recent Re-assessments Of Lipid-dependence In Malassezia Pachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Guillot

Bond

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia are important skin commensals and opportunistic skin pathogens in a variety of animals. The species M. pachydermatis was first isolated from the skin of a captive Indian rhinoceros with an exfoliative dermatitis in 1925, recognized as an important otic pathogen of dogs in the 1950's, and finally accepted, after several years of controversy, as a common cause of canine dermatitis in the 1990's. Since then, there has been considerable research into the biology of Malassezia yeasts and their interaction with their animal hosts. In dogs and cats, M. pachydermatis is associated with ceruminous otitis externa and a "seborrhoeic" dermatitis, wherein pruritic, erythematous skin lesions, often with brown/black greasy, malodourous material matting hairs, preferentially develop in intertriginous areas. Skin disease is favored by folds, underlying hypersensitivity disorders, endocrinopathies, defects of cornification, and in cats, various visceral paraneoplastic syndromes. Diagnosis is based on detecting the yeast in compatible skin lesions, usually by cytology, and observing a clinical and mycological response to therapy. Treatment normally comprises topical or systemic azole therapy, often with miconazole-chlorhexidine shampoos or oral itraconazole or ketoconazole. Management of concurrent diseases is important to minimize relapses. Historically, wild-type Malassezia isolates from dogs and cats were typically susceptible to azoles, with the exception of fluconazole, but emerging azole resistance in field strains has recently been associated with either mutations or quadruplication of the ERG11 gene. These observations have prompted increased interest in alternative topical antifungal drugs, such as chlorhexidine, and various essential oils. Further clinical trials are awaited with interest.

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Characterization of the species Malassezia pachydermatis and re-evaluation of its lipid dependence using a synthetic agar medium

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Occurrence of various pathogenic and opportunistic fungi in skin diseases of domestic animals: a retrospective study

Occurrence of various pathogenic and opportunistic fungi in skin diseases of domestic animals: a retrospective study

Biology, diagnosis and treatment ofMalasseziadermatitis in dogs and cats Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

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