Characterization of the South Atlantic marine boundary layer aerosol using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Zorn, S. R.; Drewnick, Frank; Schott, M.; Hoffmann, Thorsten; Borrmann, Stephan

doi:10.5194/acpd-8-4831-2008

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…[22] Since ice nuclei are expected to be widely absent over the remote Southern Ocean strongly supercooled water droplets will initiate freezing. On the other hand supersaturation of H 2 SO 4 has been observed [Zorn et al, 2008] in these oceanic regions. The smaller supercooled droplets likely contain a higher H 2 SO 4 concentration near to blooming areas of plankton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton increases cloud albedo and reduces precipitation

Krüger

Graßl

2011

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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[1] Effects of natural and anthropogenic aerosol particles on the radiation budget in cloudy atmospheres are still a major research topic. For example, can an increase or decrease in aerosol particle number, originating from changed dimethylsulfide (DMS) and isoprene emissions by marine phytoplankton, impact the earth radiation budget via increasing or decreasing planetary albedo and lifetime of clouds? And if so, is a shifted cloud droplet spectrum accompanied by a regional change in precipitation? Here, we show by a synergistic analysis of satellite observations (MODIS, SeaWiFS, AIRS, SSM/I and CERES) that the phytoplankton related emission of the mentioned gases into the atmosphere strongly influences cloud properties within a broad latitude belt in the Southern Hemisphere during the austral summer. For this season we detected indirect aerosol effects over the Southern Ocean from 45°S to 65°S, especially in regions with plankton blooms, indicated by high chlorophyll-a concentration in seawater. The strong increase in cloud condensation nuclei column content from 2.0 × 10 8 to more than 5.0 × 10 8 CCN/cm 2 for a chlorophyll increase from 0.3 to about 0.5 mg/m 3 in these regions decreases cloud droplet effective radius and increases cloud optical thickness for water clouds. Consequently, the upward short-wave radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere increases. Our analysis also reveals reduced precipitation over the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone during strong plankton blooms. We suggest that due to fine particles formed in the atmosphere originating from gaseous DMS and possibly isoprene emissions the reduction of precipitation is caused by delayed homogeneous freezing in water clouds.Citation: Krüger, O., and H. Graßl (2011), Southern Ocean phytoplankton increases cloud albedo and reduces precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08809,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton increases cloud albedo and reduces precipitation

Krüger

Graßl

2011

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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“…Furthermore, existing studies have recorded MSA emissions in both regions, demonstrating their suitability for this study. An ice core from Denali National Park in Alaska records MSA deposition that the authors link to PP episodes in the subarctic NE Pacific (Polashenski et al, 2018), while ship-based measurements from the SAO, including upwind of South Georgia, have confirmed MSA as an excellent trace of marine biogenic Sulphur emissions in this region (Zorn et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Examining links between dust deposition and phytoplankton response using ice cores

et al. 2019

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Highlights First study to use contemporary ice core records to explore effect of dust input on primary productivity in High-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll ocean regions  Investigates event scale and annual scale correlations between dust-Fe and Methanesulfonic acid in the South Atlantic and North Pacific  Results suggest that in spatially defined regions, ice cores may provide high resolution records of dust events and primary productivity response Abstract Dust is a major source of nutrients to remote ocean environments, influencing primary productivity (PP). Enhanced oceanic PP causes drawdown of atmospheric CO 2 and is considered likely to be a driver of climate variability on glacial-interglacial timeframes. However, the scale of this relationship and its operation over shorter timescales remains uncertain, while it is unclear whether dust fertilisation, or other mechanisms, e.g. nutrient upwelling, are the primary driver of PP in high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) ocean regions. In this study, we demonstrate, using dust derived Fe and Methanesulfonic acid (a measure of ocean PP) deposition in ice cores from the South Atlantic (South Georgia Island) and North Pacific (Yukon), that PP is well correlated with Dust-Fe on both an event and annual scale. However, measuring the relationship between (dust) Fe fertilization and PP in high resolution ice cores is subject to a number of highly complex factors, which are discussed and together used to recommend future research directions. In conclusion, our research suggests that changes in aeolian Fe flux, due to climate change and human activity in dust source regions, could have significant implications for HNLC ocean PP and, therefore potentially, carbon sequestration.

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Nitrogenated and aliphatic organic vapors as possible drivers for marine secondary organic aerosol growth

et al. 2012

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[1] Measurements of marine aerosol chemistry, using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, as well as aerosol microphysics, hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity were undertaken during new particle growth events. The events were detected in air advecting over North East (NE) Atlantic waters during the EUCAARI Intensive Observation Period in June 2008 at Mace Head, Ireland. During these growth events, the aerosol mass spectrometers illustrated increases in accumulation mode aerosol phase nitrogenated and aliphatic compounds thought to condense from the gas phase. Since the composition changes observed in the accumulation mode occurred simultaneously to the growth of the accumulation, Aitken and nucleation modes, the growth of both the nucleation mode and the Aitken mode is attributed to the condensation of these species. Nitrogenated compounds like amines are also plausible candidates in the nucleation process, as suggested by quantum mechanic calculations. It is also plausible that amides and organic nitrites, also identified by the mass spectrometers, are possible candidate chemical compounds, suggesting that multiple types of chemical species may be contributing. Given that these open ocean aerosol formation and growth events occur in very clean polar marine air masses, we suggest that the organic compounds responsible for particle formation and growth are mainly of biogenic origin. Despite increasing the particle number concentration, the initial effect is to suppress hygroscopicity and CCN activity.

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Characterization of the South Atlantic marine boundary layer aerosol using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Southern Ocean phytoplankton increases cloud albedo and reduces precipitation

Southern Ocean phytoplankton increases cloud albedo and reduces precipitation

Examining links between dust deposition and phytoplankton response using ice cores

Nitrogenated and aliphatic organic vapors as possible drivers for marine secondary organic aerosol growth

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