Characterization of the safener-induced glutathione S-transferase isoform II from maize

Holt, D. C.; Lay, Venetia J.; Clarke, Eric D.; Dinsmore, Andrew; Jepson, Ian; Bright, S. W. J.; Greenland, Andrew J.

doi:10.1007/bf00201388

Cited by 70 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Upon treatment of grass crops with safeners, GSTs able to conjugate these herbicides are induced predominantly in shoot tissues. This response is associated with a high level of protection against herbicide damage in maize (Irzyk and Fuerst, 1993;Holt et al, 1995;Dixon et al, 1998), wheat Riechers et al, 1997;Pascal and Scalla, 1999;Xu et al, 2002), rice Hatzios, 2002a, 2002b), and sorghum (Dean et al, 1990;Gronwald and Plaisance, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ-Specific Expression of Glutathione S-Transferases and the Efficacy of Herbicide Safeners in Arabidopsis

DeRidder

Goldsbrough

2005

Plant Physiology

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The functions of plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) under normal growth conditions are poorly understood, but their activity as detoxification enzymes has been harnessed in agriculture for selective weed control. Herbicide safeners protect monocot crops from herbicide injury but have little effect on weedy monocot or dicot species. Protection by safeners is associated with expression of herbicide-metabolizing enzymes including GSTs, but the basis for selective action of safeners between monocots and dicots is not known. To address this question we have studied the response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to various safeners. Benoxacor, fenclorim, and fluxofenim did not protect Arabidopsis from herbicide injury but did induce RNA expression of the glutathione-conjugate transporters encoded by AtMRP1, AtMRP2, AtMRP3, and AtMRP4. These safeners also induced the organ-specific expression of AtGSTU19 and AtGSTF2, two previously characterized Arabidopsis GSTs from different classes of this enzyme family. RNA hybridization, immunoblot, and reporter gene analyses indicated expression of AtGSTU19 induced by safeners predominated in roots. To test the hypothesis that increased expression of AtGSTU19 would be sufficient to provide tolerance to chloroacetamide herbicides, a chimeric gene was produced containing the open reading frame for this GST driven by a constitutive promoter. Plants containing this transgene had a modest increase in AtGSTU19 protein, predominantly in roots, but this had no effect on tolerance to chloroacetamide herbicides. The localized induction of GSTs by safeners in roots of Arabidopsis may explain why these compounds are unable to provide herbicide tolerance to dicot plant species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ-Specific Expression of Glutathione S-Transferases and the Efficacy of Herbicide Safeners in Arabidopsis

DeRidder

Goldsbrough

2005

Plant Physiology

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“…Both heterodimers contain a herbicide safener-induced subunit that exhibits high affinity for chloroacetanilide herbicides (Irzyk and Fuerst, 1993;Holt et al, 1995;Dixon et al, 1997). The K m values for metolachlor for the high-affinity subunit of GST B1/B2 and the maize GST II subunit are 3 m (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A difference in antigenic cross-reactivity of GST subunits of heterodimers has been observed for maize I/II (formerly GST II; see Dixon et al, 1997, for new nomenclature for maize GSTs). For maize GST I/II, antibodies generated to one subunit did not cross-react with the other subunit (Holt et al, 1995).…”

Section: Antigenic Cross-reactivitymentioning

confidence: 95%

Isolation and Characterization of GlutathioneS-Transferase Isozymes from Sorghum1

1998

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Two glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes, A1/A1 and B1/B2, were purified from etiolated, O-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-methyl-2,2,2,-trifluoro-4 -chloroacetophenone-oxime-treated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) shoots. GST A1/A1, a constitutively expressed homodimer, had a subunit molecular mass of 26 kD and an isoelectric point of 4.9. GST A1/A1 exhibited high activity with 1-chloro-2, 4,dinitrobenzene (CDNB) but low activity with the chloroacetanilide herbicide metolachlor. For GST A1/A1, the random, rapidequilibrium bireactant kinetic model provided a good description of the kinetic data for the substrates CDNB and glutathione (GSH). GST B1/B2 was a heterodimer with subunit molecular masses of 26 kD (designated the B1 subunit) and 28 kD (designated the B2 subunit) and a native isoelectric point of 4.8. GST B1/B2 exhibited low activity with CDNB and high activity with metolachlor as the substrate. The kinetics of GST B1/B2 activity with GSH and metolachlor fit a model describing a multisite enzyme having two binding sites with different affinities for these substrates. Both GST A1/A1 and GST B1/B2 exhibited GSH-conjugating activity with ethacrynic acid and GSH peroxidase activity with cumene hydroperoxide, 9-hydroperoxy-trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid and 13-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid. Both GST A1/A1 and GST B1/B2 are glycoproteins, as indicated by their binding of concanavalin A. Polyclonal antibodies raised against GST A1/A1 exhibited cross-reactivity with the B1 subunit of GST B1/B2. Comparisons of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the GST A1, B1, and B2 subunits with other type I -GSTs indicated a high degree of homology with the maize GST I subunit and a sugarcane GST.GSTs (EC 2.5.1.18) are dimeric enzymes found in mammals, insects, plants, and microbes that catalyze nucleophilic attack by the thiolate anion of GSH at electrophilic centers of hydrophobic molecules (Mannervik and Danielson, 1988). In addition to catalyzing GSH conjugation, GSTs also exhibit GSH peroxidase activity and ligandbinding functions (Mannervik and Danielson, 1988;Marrs, 1996). Mammalian GSTs compose a multigene family; in rat liver at least 13 different cytosolic GST subunits are found as either heterodimers or homodimers . Mammalian cytosolic GSTs have been divided into four classes (␣, , , and ) based on immunological, biochemical, and sequence similarities (Buetler and Eaton, 1992). It is well established that mammalian GSTs play an important role in the detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics (Mannervik and Danielson, 1988). Although endogenous substrates for mammalian GSTs have not been clearly defined, there is evidence that ␣-GSTs protect against oxidative stress by detoxifying reactive products generated by lipid peroxidation (Ålin et al., 1985;Ketterer and Coles, 1991;Singhal et al., 1992).In general, plant GSTs have not been as well characterized as mammalian GSTs. Plant cytosolic GSTs belong to the archaic class of GSTs (Meyer et al., 1991;Marrs, 1996). This class, which is very heterog...

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“…Nev ert heless, phytodegr adation, whi ch means contaminant uptake and metabolism in the plant tissues (Ferro et al, 1994), is also one of the major mechanisms of acti on in herbicide remediation. Such mechanism is associated with the tolerance some plants have to certain herbicides (Holt et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of bean plants in soil contaminated with trifloxysulfuron-sodium after Stizolobium aterrimum and Canavalia ensiformis cultivation

et al. 2007

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-Phytoremediation, the use of plants to decontaminate soils and water resources from organic pollutants such as herbicides, is economically and environmentally a promising technique applied in many areas, including agriculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of bean plants cultivated in the field, in soil with different levels of trifloxysulfuron-sodium contamination, following cultivation of two green manure species, as well as to evaluate the possibility of recontamination of the area by such herbicide with the straw permanence on the soil. The experiment was carried out in Coimbra, MG, Brazil, on a sandy clayey Red -Yellow Argisol from Mar ch to Novemb er 200 3. Four levels of soil contamination with trifloxysulfuron-sodium (0.00; 3.75; 7.50; and 15.00 g ha -1 ) were used as well as the following five types of cultivation prior to bean sowing in the area after herbicide app lication: bla ck velvet beans ( Stizolobi um aterrimum) followed by rem ova l of straw; S. aterrimum, followed by permanence of straw; jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), followed by removal of straw; C. ensiformis followed by permanence of straw; and without prior cultivation, weed-free (weeded control). The leguminous plants were kept in the area for 65 days, cut close to the soil, and with its aerial part left or not on the surface of the experimental plot, depending on the treatment. Fifteen days after the species were cut, bean was sown in the area. At 45 days after emergence (DAE) of the bean plants, plant height and dry mass of the aerial part were evaluated. Grain productivity was determined during harvest. Height, dry matter of the aerial part and grain productivity of the bean plants, cultivated in an area previously contaminated with trifloxysulfuron-sodium at any of the levels tested, were higher with prior cultivation of S. aterrimum or C. ensiformis . At the lowest level of herbicide contamination, prior cultivation of C. ensiformis was found to be more efficient than that of S. aterrimum in mitigating the harmful effects of trifloxysulfuron-sodium on bean grain production. The permanence of the straw of the green manure species during the bean cycle did not harm the development of the plants or caused culture productivity losses, indicatin g that straw permanence in the area does not promote recontamination of the area. trifloxysulfuron-sodium (0,00; 3,75; 7,50; e 15, Keywords

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Characterization of the safener-induced glutathione S-transferase isoform II from maize

Cited by 70 publications

References 13 publications

Organ-Specific Expression of Glutathione S-Transferases and the Efficacy of Herbicide Safeners in Arabidopsis

Organ-Specific Expression of Glutathione S-Transferases and the Efficacy of Herbicide Safeners in Arabidopsis

Isolation and Characterization of GlutathioneS-Transferase Isozymes from Sorghum1

Development of bean plants in soil contaminated with trifloxysulfuron-sodium after Stizolobium aterrimum and Canavalia ensiformis cultivation

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