Characterization of the response of fibre Bragg grating sensors subjected to a two-dimensional strain field

Bosia, Federico; Giaccari, Philippe; Botsis, J.; Facchini, M.; Limberger, H.G.; Salathé, R. P.

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/12/6/009

Cited by 77 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thus various grating-based pressure sensors have been developed to measure the applied transverse load. 87,[143][144][145][146][147][148] Pressure sensors based on conversional UV-laser-induced gratings usually, however, fail to determine the direction of the applied force due to their symmetric transverse-loading characteristics. The CO 2 -laser-induced LPFGs exhibit asymmetric transverse-loading characteristics due to the load-induced birefringence that leads to the rotation of optical principal axes in the gratings.…”

Section: E Pressure Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

220

134

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This paper presents a systematic review of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written by the CO2 laser irradiation technique. First, various fabrication techniques based on CO2 laser irradiations are demonstrated to write LPFGs in different types of optical fibers such as conventional glass fibers, solid-core photonic crystal fibers, and air-core photonic bandgap fibers. Second, possible mechanisms, e.g., residual stress relaxation, glass structure changes, and physical deformation, of refractive index modulations in the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are analyzed. Third, asymmetrical mode coupling, resulting from single-side laser irradiation, is discussed to understand unique optical properties of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs. Fourthly, several pretreament and post-treatment techniques are proposed to enhance the efficiency of grating fabrications. Fifthly, sensing applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based temperature, strain, bend, torsion, pressure, and biochemical sensors. Finally, communication applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based band-rejection filters, gain equalizers, polarizers, and couplers.

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Section: E Pressure Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

220

134

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“…The characteristics of PM-FBG and related mechanisms have been analyzed theoretically based on the coupled mode theory in Refs. [9,10]. It is considered that two orthogonal polarization modes are reflected for themselves by the PM-FBG and the coupling between each other will not happen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthogonal polarization mode coupling for pure twisted polarization maintaining fiber Bragg gratings

Yang¹,

Fang²,

Pan³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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Spectral characteristics of orthogonal polarization mode coupling for pure twisted polarization maintaining fiber Bragg gratings (PM-FBG) are proposed and analyzed experimentally and theoretically. Different from the polarization mode coupling in PM-FBG due to side pressure, a resonant peak at the middle of two orthogonal polarization modes is found when the PM-FBG is twisted purely which is attributed to the cross coupling of polarization modes. Its intensity increases with the twisting rate. A new coupled mode equation is built to describe the pure twist polarization mode coupling, in which both the normal strain induced by strain-applied parts and the tangential strain induced by twisting are taken into consideration and expressed in a unified coordinate. The novel phenomenon and its explanation are believed to be helpful for PM-FBG applications in fiber sensor and laser technologies.

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“…The complex coupling coefficient contains information about the refractive index modulation and the local grating period along the grating length. The possibility to monitor changes in local FBG parameters opened new possibilities for high spatial resolution grating characterization and distributed sensing [4,[7][8][9][10]. The complete characterization and sensing applications of the FBG using high-resolution reflectometry methods were mostly limited so far to nonbirefingent gratings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Birefringence can also be induced when the grating is exposed to external influences, such as diametric loading [10,11]. Different grating types have already been used including sampled [ [12] chirped [13,14], and phase shifted gratings [15] to measure distributed, applied load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed measurements of fiber birefringence and diametric load using optical low-coherence reflectometry and fiber gratings

Ćorić¹,

Limberger²,

Salathé³

2006

Opt. Express

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Polarization sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) is used for measuring the complex fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) reflection coefficient. We determine the beat length directly from oscillations in the OLCR amplitude with a resolution of 10 -6 and a spatial resolution only limited by the minimum beat length or the coherence length of the light source. Using the OLCR amplitude and phase in combination with an inverse scattering algorithm the birefringence is retrieved with a resolution of 2×10 -5 while the spatial resolution is 25 μm. The two developed techniques are applied for measuring position, magnitude and footprint of induced birefringence of an FBG under uniform and nonuniform diametric loading.

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Characterization of the response of fibre Bragg grating sensors subjected to a two-dimensional strain field

Cited by 77 publications

References 10 publications

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Orthogonal polarization mode coupling for pure twisted polarization maintaining fiber Bragg gratings

Distributed measurements of fiber birefringence and diametric load using optical low-coherence reflectometry and fiber gratings

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