Characterization of the rat oral microbiome and the effects of dietary nitrate

Hyde, Embriette R.; Luk, Berkley; Cron, Stanley G.; Kusic, Lenka; McCue, Tyler; Bauch, Tonya; Kaplan, Heidi B.; Tribble, Gena D.; Petrosino, Joseph F.; Bryan, Nathan S.

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.017

Cited by 92 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Additionally, while Pseudomonas has not previously been reported in the context of oral nitrate reduction, Streptococcus did increase in the oral cavities of rats supplemented with nitrate in their drinking water (12). To explore whether there were strain-level differences within these genera across the populations, we performed oligotyping (13).…”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Migraines Are Correlated with Higher Levels of Nitrate-, Nitrite-, and Nitric Oxide-Reducing Oral Microbes in the American Gut Project Cohort

et al. 2016

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Recent work has demonstrated a potentially symbiotic relationship between oral commensal bacteria and humans through the salivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway (C. Duncan et al., Nat Med 1:546–551, 1995, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0695-546). Oral nitrate-reducing bacteria contribute physiologically relevant levels of nitrite and nitric oxide to the human host that may have positive downstream effects on cardiovascular health (V. Kapil et al., Free Radic Biol Med 55:93–100, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.013). In the work presented here, we used 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to determine whether a connection exists between oral nitrate-reducing bacteria, nitrates for cardiovascular disease, and migraines, which are a common side effect of nitrate medications (U. Thadani and T. Rodgers, Expert Opin Drug Saf 5:667–674, 2006, http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14740338.5.5.667).

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Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…From this list, two bacterial taxa ( Rothia mucilaginosa and Haemophilus parainfluenzae ) have previously been reported as some of the main nitrate reducers in the human oral cavity (12, 14), and some have also been reported to be associated with headaches (Table 1). …”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migraines Are Correlated with Higher Levels of Nitrate-, Nitrite-, and Nitric Oxide-Reducing Oral Microbes in the American Gut Project Cohort

et al. 2016

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“…Prior work has demonstrated dietary nitrate can alter oral microbiome composition 63, 64. However, little is known about interaction between dietary nitrate and the gut microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing dietary nitrate has no effect on cancellous bone loss or fecal microbiome in ovariectomized rats

Conley

Roberts

Sharpton

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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ScopeStudies suggest diets rich in fruit and vegetables reduce bone loss, although the specific compounds responsible are unknown. Substrates for endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production, including organic nitrates and dietary nitrate, may support NO production in age‐related conditions, including osteoporosis. We investigated the capability of dietary nitrate to improve NO bioavailability, reduce bone turnover and loss.Methods and resultsSix‐month‐old Sprague Dawley rats [30 ovariectomized (OVX) and 10 sham‐operated (sham)] were randomized into three groups: (i) vehicle (water) control, (ii) low‐dose nitrate (LDN, 0.1 mmol nitrate/kg bw/day), or (iii) high‐dose nitrate (HDN, 1.0 mmol nitrate/kg bw/day) for three weeks. The sham received vehicle. Serum bone turnover markers; bone mass, mineral density, and quality; histomorphometric parameters; and fecal microbiome were examined. Three weeks of LDN or HDN improved NO bioavailability in a dose‐dependent manner. OVX resulted in cancellous bone loss, increased bone turnover, and fecal microbiome changes. OVX increased relative abundances of Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroideceae and Alcaligenaceae. Nitrate did not affect the skeleton or fecal microbiome.ConclusionThese data indicate that OVX affects the fecal microbiome and that the gut microbiome is associated with bone mass. Three weeks of nitrate supplementation does not slow bone loss or alter the fecal microbiome in OVX.

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“…In rats, nitrate-reducing bacteria was similarly found on rat tongue, with bacterial density increasing in the direction of the posterior tongue (Li 1997). Interestingly, Hyde et al (2014) showed that supplementation with nitrate in a high amount (1 g/l) for 7 days in drinking water resulted in a substantial decrease in blood pressure and changes in rat tongue bacterial flora. These changes included a significant increase in nitrate-reducing taxas, for example, Haemophilus parainfluenzae , Granulicatella , and Aggregatibacter .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term treatment with nitrate is not sufficient to induce in vivo antithrombotic effects in rats and mice

Kramkowski

Leszczyńska

Przyborowski

et al. 2016

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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In humans, short-term supplementation with nitrate is hypotensive and inhibits platelet aggregation via an nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. In the present work, we analyzed whether short-term treatment with nitrate induces antithrombotic effects in rats and mice. Arterial thrombosis was evoked electrically in a rat model in which renovascular hypertension was induced by partial ligation of the left renal artery. In mice expressing green fluorescent protein, laser-induced thrombosis was analyzed intravitally by using confocal microscope. Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) or sodium nitrite (NaNO2) was administered orally at a dose of 0.17 mmol/kg, twice per day for 3 days. Short-term nitrate treatment did not modify thrombus formation in either rats or mice, while nitrite administration led to pronounced antithrombotic activity. In hypertensive rats, nitrite treatment resulted in a significant decrease in thrombus weight (0.50 ± 0.08 mg vs. VEH 0.96 ± 0.09 mg; p < 0.01). In addition, nitrite inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) generation and prolonged prothrombin time. These effects were accompanied by significant increases in blood NOHb concentration and plasma nitrite concentration. In contrast, nitrate did not affect ex vivo platelet aggregation or prothrombin time and led to only slightly elevated nitrite plasma concentration. In mice, nitrate was also ineffective, while nitrite led to decreased platelet accumulation in the area of laser-induced endothelial injury. In conclusion, although nitrite induced profound NO-dependent antithrombotic effects in vivo, conversion of nitrates to nitrite in rats and mice over short-term 3-day treatment was not sufficient to elicit NO-dependent antiplatelet or antithrombotic effects.

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Characterization of the rat oral microbiome and the effects of dietary nitrate

Cited by 92 publications

References 33 publications

Migraines Are Correlated with Higher Levels of Nitrate-, Nitrite-, and Nitric Oxide-Reducing Oral Microbes in the American Gut Project Cohort

Migraines Are Correlated with Higher Levels of Nitrate-, Nitrite-, and Nitric Oxide-Reducing Oral Microbes in the American Gut Project Cohort

Increasing dietary nitrate has no effect on cancellous bone loss or fecal microbiome in ovariectomized rats

Short-term treatment with nitrate is not sufficient to induce in vivo antithrombotic effects in rats and mice

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