Characterization of the Psychological, Physiological and EEG Profile of Acute Betel Quid Intoxication in Naïve Subjects

Osborne, Peter G.; Chou, Tungshan; Shen, Tsu-Wang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023874

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…DA neurons in the VTA play an important role in processing drug rewards (63), and increased DA in the striatum has been linked with subjective feelings of pleasure, euphoria, or a "high" resulting from drug use (64) and alcohol-associated cues (65). Our results agree with previous studies where activation of the ventral striatum significantly correlated with smoking motivation for pleasurable relaxation (66), supporting the reported psychological effects experienced immediately after BQ chewing (2). Similarly, acute alcohol influences neuronal activity in the ventral striatum which is known to project to regions believed to regulate motor responses, motivation and executive functions (67).…”

Section: Effects Of Acute Bq Chewing On Brain Functional Connectivitysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Betel quid (BQ) is a psychotropic substance, extensively consumed by more than 600 million people worldwide (1). Right after consumption, users of BQ have reported experiencing decreased thinking ability, disturbed mental processes, increased vigilance, body relaxation, enhanced motor responses, and a boosted sense of wellness (2). Substance dependence features including tolerance, craving, and drug-seeking behaviors as well as withdrawal symptoms have been acknowledged by habitual users of BQ (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute and Chronic Effects of Betel Quid Chewing on Brain Functional Connectivity

et al. 2020

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Background: The active alkaloid in Betel quid is arecoline. Consumption of betel quid is associated with both acute effects and longer-term addictive effects. Despite growing evidence that betel quid use is linked with altered brain function and connectivity, the neurobiology of this psychoactive substance in initial acute chewing, and long-term dependence, is not clear.Methods: In this observational study, functional magnetic resonance imaging in a restingstate was performed in 24 male betel quid-dependent chewers and 28 male controls prior to and promptly after betel quid chewing. Network-based statistics were employed to determine significant differences in functional connectivity between brain networks for both acute effects and in long-term betel users versus controls. A support vector machine was employed for pattern classification analysis.Results: Before chewing betel quid, higher functional connectivity in betel quid-dependent chewers than in controls was found between the temporal, parietal and frontal brain regions (right medial orbitofrontal cortex, right lateral orbital frontal cortex, right angular gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, and right medial superior frontal gyrus). In controls, the effect of betel quid chewing was significantly increased functional connectivity between the subcortical regions (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus), and the visual cortex (superior occipital gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus).Conclusion: These findings show that individuals who chronically use betel quid have higher functional connectivity than controls of the orbitofrontal cortex, and inferior temporal and angular gyri. Acute effects of betel quid are to increase the functional connectivity of some visual cortical areas (which may relate to the acute symptoms) and the basal ganglia and thalamus.

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Section: Effects Of Acute Bq Chewing On Brain Functional Connectivitysupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Effects of Betel Quid Chewing on Brain Functional Connectivity

et al. 2020

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“…This perception can be attributed to the previous finding that continuous mastication enhances activity levels during long duty hours; in other words, chewing improves wakefulness (Osborne et al, 2011;Chu, 2001). This may be further supported by the observed association of gum chewing with pre-frontal cortex stimulation and, consequently, increased alertness (Sketchley-Kaye et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Betel use can increase the plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine, thus stimulating the autonomic and central nervous systems to produce a sense of well-being, euphoria, heightened alertness, perspiration, salivation, a sensation of elevated body temperature, thus increased capacity to work (Osborne et al, 2011;IARC, 2004;Chu, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokeless tobacco consumption among public and heavy load drivers in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study

Warsi¹,

Younus²,

Rasheed³

et al. 2017

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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Tobacco use remains a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The World Health Organization states that 19.1% of the Pakistani population consumes smoked or smokeless tobacco (SLT). Although many population focused studies have focused on the use of SLT in Pakistan, but they have failed to address the use of SLT among laborers, especially the niche population of public and heavy load drivers (that is, transporters). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SLT consumption among this population and the relationship of this parameter with knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding SLT use. From a sample size of 714 participants, 615 responses were obtained, generating an overall response rate of 86%. The prevalence of SLT consumption in the study population was 93.7%; here, gutka was the most frequently consumed preparation (60.2%), followed by naswar (35.8%), paan (32.4%), and Mawa (16.7%). A masticatory habit was the most commonly cited factor leading to dependence (87.8%), followed by the influence of friends and family (83.9%), peer pressure (80.7%), and increased alertness (52.8%). However, 61.3% of participants reported experiencing strong withdrawals upon ceasing SLT use and believed themselves to be addicted and unable to quit usage. These findings suggest that for transporters, a high-risk occupational group dependent on SLT consumption, specific, tailored tobacco-cessation programs and medical assistance are needed to reduce the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.

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“…Clinical studies in chewers have found that BQ use can affect autonomic nervous function, increase heart rate and face temperature, and induce tachycardia and arrhythmias [ 14 , 15 ]. In cardiovascular investigations, BQ chewers were observed to have a higher risk for coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betel-Quid Chewing, Heart Failure, and Premature Ventricular Contractions in Patients with Cardiopulmonary Symptoms

Huang

Chen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Betel-quid (BQ) is a commonly used psychoactive substance that renders a specific cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between BQ chewing and premature ventricular contractions (PVC) in patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms, and examine the potential influences of cardiovascular and chronic diseases on such relationship. Participants were 146 patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms who participated in 24-h Holter electrocardiogram monitoring during 2012–2018 in a hospital serving residents that lived in a BQ high prevalence area. Data on substance uses and medical histories for cardiovascular and chronic diseases were collected. Baron–Kenny method was employed to evaluate possible mediation. In patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms, 36.3% were BQ users and 63.7% were nonusers. Adjusting for covariates, BQ chewing was significantly associated with heart failure and diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.4 and 2.3, respectively), but only heart failure was significantly correlated with a low and high level of PVC. Additionally controlling for the effect of heart failure, the risk of high PVC for BQ users reduced from 3.60 to 2.88; however, the risk for BQ chewers remained significant (95% CI: 1.06–7.84). Heart failure was found to explain 27.7% of the excessive effect of BQ use on high PVC. In conclusion, BQ use is directly associated with an elevated risk of high PVC in patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms. The higher risk might be elevated among patients who suffered heart failure. Given several research limitations, the findings from this study offer future opportunities for validation.

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Characterization of the Psychological, Physiological and EEG Profile of Acute Betel Quid Intoxication in Naïve Subjects

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Acute and Chronic Effects of Betel Quid Chewing on Brain Functional Connectivity

Acute and Chronic Effects of Betel Quid Chewing on Brain Functional Connectivity

Smokeless tobacco consumption among public and heavy load drivers in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study

Betel-Quid Chewing, Heart Failure, and Premature Ventricular Contractions in Patients with Cardiopulmonary Symptoms

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