Characterization of the Physicochemical Properties of β-Cyclodextrin–Divinyl Sulfone Polymer Carrier–Bile Acid Systems

Abstract

Herein, we report on the systematic design and characterization of cross-linked polymer carriers containing βcyclodextrin (β-CD) and divinyl sulfone (DVS). The polymer carriers were prepared at variable feed ratios (β-CD−DVS; 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:6) and characterized using spectroscopy (IR, 1 H solution NMR, and 13 C CP-MAS solids NMR spectroscopy), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a dye decolorization method using phenolphthalein. Uptake studies were carried out at pH 9.00 for the polymer carriers using single component bile acids (cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, and taurodeoxycholic acid). Equilibrium uptake results were evaluated by the Langmuir isotherm model where variable equilibrium parameters were related to the relative apolar character of the bile acid. The Langmuir model yields a carrier/bile acid binding affinity of ∼10 3 M −1 where the lipophilic inclusion sites of the polymer play a prominent role, while the DVS linker framework sites have a lower adsorption affinity, in accordance with the greater hydrophilic character of such sites.

Moisture Content and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Waste Pellets for Fuel and/or Water Remediation Applications

“…Figure 2) according to the changes in structure upon crosslinking. In the case of biopolymers, crosslinking is known to affect the surface chemistry and site accessibility of functional groups, according to steric effects, along with the textural properties of the resulting material [32,33].…”

Phenolic Pollutant Uptake Properties of Molecular Templated Polymers Containing β-Cyclodextrin

“…Systematic structural studies indicate that MIPs may adopt unique secondary and tertiary structure according to the formation of linear versus globular polymers due to the role of molecular templates . Polymer branching in the case of dendrimer materials yields polymers with variable textural and sorption properties, as evidenced by the sorptive selectivity of pollutants. ,,, The assumption that the CD cavity serves as the primary binding site for CD–EPH polymers is restrictive because the role of interstitial domains must also be considered, in accordance with steric effects and other binding sites for such cross-linked materials …”

“…18 Polymer branching in the case of dendrimer materials yields polymers with variable textural and sorption properties, as evidenced by the sorptive selectivity of pollutants. 19,35,41,45 The assumption that the CD cavity serves as the primary binding site for CD−EPH polymers is restrictive because the role of interstitial domains must also be considered, in accordance with steric effects and other binding sites for such cross-linked materials. 18 In this study, water-insoluble linear and globular β-CD−EPH polymers were prepared by a molecular templation strategy 18 to assess the role of polymer morphology and adsorption properties in aqueous solution.…”