Characterization of the material elongation in the deep drawing of paperboard

Hofmann, A.; Wallmeier, Malte; Hauptmann, Marek; Majschak, Jens‐Peter

doi:10.1002/pts.2436

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The authors conclude that because of the three-dimensional forming process, multiaxial loads occur, and the uniaxial tensile test is not sufficiently describing the forming behaviour of the material. Hofmann et al (2019) observed similar behaviour, when at a deep drawing process in high moisture conditions the measured elongation of the cup wall exceeded the elongation at break from the uniaxial tensile test. In that case, they suggested material displacement and multiaxial stress conditions as an explanation.…”

Section: Fixed Blank Press Formingsupporting

confidence: 57%

Role of blank moisturisation in press forming of paperboard

Berthold,

Niini,

Tanninen

et al. 2024

BioRes

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To investigate the influence of blank moisture on the forming of paperboard, press forming experiments were performed with fixed blank setup and sliding blank setup to produce paperboard trays. The trays were rated by their forming height. Different moisturisation procedures were established to achieve one or double-sided surface moisturisation or homogenous moisture distributions in the blanks. Additionally, basic influences of moisture to paper-to-metal friction and tensile properties of the paperboard were measured. Surface moisturisation increased the paper-to metal friction and therefore limited the achievable forming heights in sliding blank press forming. The elongation at break of paperboard increased with increased sample moisture content. In the fixed blank press forming test this increase was not apparent in the data.

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Section: Fixed Blank Press Formingsupporting

confidence: 57%

Role of blank moisturisation in press forming of paperboard

Berthold,

Niini,

Tanninen

et al. 2024

BioRes

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“…The measured force-elongation curves for all test specimen are added in appendix 2, Figs. 24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41. In Fig.…”

Section: Results Of the Materials Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…if the tensile force varies over a winding, the paper tends to shift slightly under the influence of vibration [40,41], so that the tensile force becomes constant between the starting point and the end point of the strip of paper attached to the base panel. In concrete terms, this means that the average tensile force rather than the instantaneous tensile force needs to be regulated during winding to the extent that the instanta- the stiffness of paper is significantly higher than that of stretch film: for the same weight per surface area, the force required for an equally small extension is a factor of 5 to 10 higher (confirmed by the results of this research presented under paragraph 4.4, more specifically the stretch film (SF) curve in figures 6 and 7 below) with paper than with plastic stretch film or, to put it another way: the strip required for the same tensile force is much narrower with paper than with plastic stretch film.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of paper to facilitate recyclability of suspension packaging

et al. 2021

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Background of this research is suspension packaging: fragile goods are attached to a panel of cardboard by wrapping it in stretch film. The panel is then appropriately folded, and the whole thing is placed in a cardboard box of corresponding dimensions. The primary objective of this study is to identify paper types that might be used in future as a more sustainable alternative for stretch wrap film. The experimental methods that are utilized are basically variants of mechanical pulling tests on paper samples. Sample preparation and sample size are adopted from international standards, but displacement control is adopted to detect relevant stretchability properties. Some kraft papers show a high ultimate tensile stress and a moderate stretchability, mainly permanent stretch as expected. Although the ultimate tensile stress of paper from recycled fibers is lower, some of these paper grades show a considerable higher stretchability including a higher elastic stretch. It is concluded that both kraft paper and paper grades from recycled fibers may be applicable as a wrapping material for suspension packaging. Further experimental research is needed to identify appropriate wrapping parameters for each paper type.

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“…The presence of moisture in paper material can make it softer and improve its formability as the greater its moisture content, the weaker the fibre bonds, and so the paper has a lower elastic modulus and tensile strength, making it easier to stretch and form. 2,33 Consequently, to better understand the performance of paperboard materials in thermoforming, the changes in moisture content during the forming were investigated for the specified forming conditions (110 C forming/heating temperature, 3 s forming/heating time and vacuum plus 1 bar forming pressure). The moisture content of the material was measured immediately before forming from the material roll and directly after forming from the formed sample.…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional forming of plastic‐coated fibre‐based materials using a thermoforming process

2022

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Three-dimensional (3D) forming of fibre-based materials has been a topic of growing interest over recent years and 3D forming processes using hydroforming, press forming and deep drawing processes have been widely explored. Thermoforming as a potential alternative method for forming these materials remains, however, relatively understudied. This research attempts to provide a fundamental understanding of the thermoforming limitations of plastic-coated paperboards. In the work, a variety of commercial paperboards are subjected to experimental tests with different forming parameters and moulding depths. Shape accuracy, maximum acquired depth, thickness distribution behaviour and damage mechanisms are used to evaluate thermoformability, and the results linked to the material properties and forming conditions. The research findings indicate that the plastic-coated paperboards studied are thermoformable but only in simple geometric shapes and with low mould depths.Unlike plastic, thermoforming can result in thickness increase in plastic-coated paperboards, which is thought to be a result of out-of-plane auxetic behaviour of paperboards. Paperboard thermoforming was also found to be hindered by rupture, blistering and curling defects. Tensile strain at break is the key factor determining thermoformability. Additionally, the density of the paperboard can impact the heating step and the rate at which the moisture content of the material changes during the forming process. Furthermore, it was observed that changes in process parameters affected materials differently, with the direction and rate of change differing based on the material being used.

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Characterization of the material elongation in the deep drawing of paperboard

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Role of blank moisturisation in press forming of paperboard

Role of blank moisturisation in press forming of paperboard

On the use of paper to facilitate recyclability of suspension packaging

Three‐dimensional forming of plastic‐coated fibre‐based materials using a thermoforming process

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