Characterization of the lipids of mesosomal vesicles and plasma membranes from Staphylococcus aureus

Beining, P R; Huff, Eskin; Prescott, Benjamin; Theodore, T S

doi:10.1128/jb.121.1.137-143.1975

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Interestingly, the presence of S. aureus in the bacterial mixture promoted the survival of E. coli compared with E. coli alone. By contrast, cardiolipin, which is an effective factor promoting S. aureus survival in dry environments [28,29], had no effect on supporting the survival of E. coli after drying, suggesting the presence of another mechanism independent of cardiolipin. Although this mechanism remains unknown, coexistence with cocci, which have a smaller surface area than bacilli and therefore retain water more effectively, may aid the survival of bacilli on dry surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…ATP assessment revealed no significant differences for either bacteria with varying temperature (S1 Fig). Also, cardiolipin, an agent that aids the survival of S. aureus in dry environments [28,29], did not support the survival of E. coli after drying, suggesting the presence of another mechanism independent of cardiolipin (S2 Fig). In addition, although the trend observed with altered temperature did not change, humidity control (40-60%) had the opposite effect on the survival of Thermal control of dry fomites and bacterial survival microorganisms on dry surfaces (S3 Fig). Specifically, while the humidity control weakened the thermal effect on the survival of S. aureus on dry environments, a synergistic effect of inhibition on the survival of E. coli was observed. Thus, our findings showed that these bacteria favor a lower temperature for their survival in dry environments, and humidity has a lesser effect.…”

Section: Representative Human Pathogenic Bacteria Favor Lower Temperamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of thermal control of dry fomites on regulating the survival of human pathogenic bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections

et al. 2019

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We monitored the survival of human pathogenic bacteria [Escherichia coli (ATCC), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli (Clinical isolate), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing E. coli (clinical isolate), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC)] on dry materials (vinyl chloride, aluminum, plastic, stainless steel) at distinct temperatures (room temperature or 15°C–37°C). These bacteria favored a lower temperature for their prolonged survival on the dry fomites, regardless of the material type. Interestingly, when mixed with S. aureus, E. coli survived for a longer time at a lower temperature. Cardiolipin, which can promote the survival of S. aureus in harsh environments, had no effect on maintaining the survival of E. coli. Although the trends remained unchanged, adjusting the humidity from 40% to 60% affected the survival of bacteria on dry surfaces. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed no morphological differences in these bacteria immediately before or after one day of dry conditions. In addition, ATP assessment, a method used to visualize high-touch surfaces in hospitals, was not effective at monitoring bacterial dynamics. A specialized handrail device fitted with a heater, which was maintained at normal human body core temperature, successfully prohibited the prolonged survival of bacteria [Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC), E. coli (ATCC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC), S. aureus (ATCC), Acinetobacter baumannii (clinical isolate), and Serratia marcescens (clinical isolate)], with the exception of spore-forming Bacillus subtilis (from our laboratory collection) and the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans (from our laboratory collection)] on dry surfaces. Taken together, we concluded that the tested bacteria favor lower temperatures for their survival in dry environments. Therefore, the thermal control of dry fomites has the potential to control bacterial survival on high-touch surfaces in hospitals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Representative Human Pathogenic Bacteria Favor Lower Temperamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of thermal control of dry fomites on regulating the survival of human pathogenic bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections

et al. 2019

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“…One hypothesis is that undecaprenyl phosphate is used as the carrier lipid to form a D-Ala-phosphoester (36,38,39); however, acyl transfer to form a D-Ala-phosphoester from a D-Ala-thioester is thermodynamically unfavorable. Alternatively, DltB could use one of the more abundant phospholipids in S. aureus membranes, such as phosphatidylglycerol (78), to form a D-Ala-ester-linked lipid intermediate that could then be used as a substrate by DltD. The plausibility of a D-Ala-lipid species in the DLT pathway is supported by analysis of DltB homologs from the MBOAT family, which directly acylate membrane components such as cholesterol (acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase) (79), triglycerides (diglyceride acyltransferase) (51), and phosphatidylinositol (MBOAT7) (80).…”

Section: Insights Into Lta D-alanylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A partial reconstitution implicates DltD in catalyzing lipoteichoic acid d-alanylation

Wood

Maria²,

Matano

et al. 2018

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Modifications to the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall play important roles in antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis, but the pathway for the D-alanylation of teichoic acids (DLT pathway), a ubiquitous modification, is poorly understood. The D-alanylation machinery includes two membrane proteins of unclear function, DltB and DltD, which are somehow involved in transfer of D-alanine from a carrier protein inside the cell to teichoic acids on the cell surface. Here, we probed the role of DltD in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus using both cell-based and biochemical assays. We first exploited a known synthetic lethal interaction to establish the essentiality of each gene in the DLT pathway for D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and confirmed this by directly detecting radiolabeled D-Ala-LTA both in cells and in vesicles prepared from mutant strains of S. aureus. We developed a partial reconstitution of the pathway by using cell-derived vesicles containing DltB, but no other components of the D-alanylation pathway, and showed that D-alanylation of previously formed lipoteichoic acid in the DltB vesicles requires the presence of purified and reconstituted DltA, DltC, and DltD, but not of the LTA synthase LtaS. Finally, based on the activity of DltD mutants in cells and in our reconstituted system, we determined that Ser-70 and His-361 are essential for D-alanylation activity, and we propose that DltD uses a catalytic dyad to transfer D-alanine to LTA. In summary, we have developed a suite of assays for investigating the bacterial DLT pathway and uncovered a role for DltD in LTA D-alanylation.

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“…Little is known about the function and properties of these phospholipids. Gram-positive bacteria lacking PE usually contain high levels of uncharged diacylglycerols with mono-and disaccharides at the sn-3 position (19)(20)(21); the function of these lipids is discussed later. Gram-negative organisms contain an additional class of phosphate-containing lipids that are the lipid A-based (β, 1 -6-linked disaccharide of glucosamine decorated with six fatty acids and two phosphates) portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (22) and make up the outer lipid monolayer of the outer membrane (23); phospholipids make up the inner monolayer of the outer membrane and the bilayer of the inner membrane (24).…”

Section: Phospholipid Synthesis In Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR BASIS FOR MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID DIVERSITY: Why Are There So Many Lipids?

Dowhan¹

1997

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

904

734

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Phospholipids play multiple roles in cells by establishing the permeability barrier for cells and cell organelles, by providing the matrix for the assembly and function of a wide variety of catalytic processes, by acting as donors in the synthesis of macromolecules, and by actively influencing the functional properties of membrane-associated processes. The function, at the molecular level, of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin in specific cellular processes is reviewed, with a focus on the results of combined molecular genetic and biochemical studies in Escherichia coli. These results are compared with primarily biochemical data supporting similar functions for these phospholipids in eukaryotic organisms. The wide range of processes in which specific involvement of phospholipids has been documented explains the need for diversity in phospholipid structure and why there are so many membrane lipids.

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Characterization of the lipids of mesosomal vesicles and plasma membranes from Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of thermal control of dry fomites on regulating the survival of human pathogenic bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections

Effect of thermal control of dry fomites on regulating the survival of human pathogenic bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections

A partial reconstitution implicates DltD in catalyzing lipoteichoic acid d-alanylation

MOLECULAR BASIS FOR MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID DIVERSITY: Why Are There So Many Lipids?

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