Characterization of the Immune Response in the Placenta of Cattle Experimentally Infected with Neospora caninum in Early Gestation

Maley, S.W.; Buxton, D.; Macaldowie, C.; Anderson, I.E.; Wright, Stephen E.; Bartley, Paul M.; Esteban-Redondo, I.; Hamilton, C. M.; Storset, Anne K.; Innes, Elisabeth A.

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2006.07.001

Cited by 79 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These results, showing an increased expression of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines after N. caninum infection, contrast with previous suggestions that a Th1-biased response to N. caninum occurs in infected cattle (27). However, the data are consistent with studies in N. caninum-infected mice for which a mixed systemic cytokine response has been described (19,26,35) and recent work from our laboratory showing an increase of both IFN-␥ and IL-4 mRNA in PBMC in response to N. caninum infection of cattle (37).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…By immunohistology we showed there was an influx of CD4 ϩ T cells, probably of maternal origin, into the caruncle; this influx was most marked in the day 70 group. These cells were probably a significant source of cytokines, and we showed by immunohistology that they expressed IFN-␥, corroborating the work of Maley et al (27). CD4 ϩ cytotoxic T cells have been described in N. caninum-infected cattle (39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Upregulation of Cytokines Is Detected in the Placentas of Cattle Infected withNeospora caninumand Is More Marked Early in Gestation When Fetal Death Is Observed

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum causes fetal death after experimental infection of pregnant cattle in early gestation, but the fetus survives a similar infection in late gestation. An increase in Th1-type cytokines in the placenta in response to the presence of the parasite has been implicated as a contributory factor to fetal death due to immune-mediated pathological alterations. We measured, using real-time reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of cytokines in the placentas of cattle experimentally infected with N. caninum in early and late gestation. After infection in early gestation, fetal death occurred, and the levels of mRNA of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-␥), IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣), IL-18, IL-10, and IL-4, were significantly (P < 0.01) increased by up to 1,000-fold. There was extensive placental necrosis and a corresponding infiltration of CD4 ؉ T cells and macrophages. IFN-␥ protein expression was also highly increased, and a modest increase in transforming growth factor ␤ was detected. A much smaller increase in the same cytokines and IFN-␥ protein expression, with minimal placental necrosis and inflammatory infiltration, occurred after N. caninum infection in late gestation when the fetuses survived. Comparison of cytokine mRNA levels in separated maternal and fetal placental tissue that showed maternal tissue was the major source of all cytokine mRNA except for IL-10 and TNF-␣, which were similar in both maternal and fetal tissues. These results suggest that the magnitude of the cytokine response correlates with but is not necessarily the cause of fetal death and demonstrate that a polarized Th1 response was not evident in the placentas of N. caninum-infected cattle.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Upregulation of Cytokines Is Detected in the Placentas of Cattle Infected withNeospora caninumand Is More Marked Early in Gestation When Fetal Death Is Observed

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…32). Although NCR expression was initially characterized as NK specific (4, 7) and later proposed as part of a "universal" definition of NK cells (33), we now appreciate that NKp46 can be expressed by some T cell subsets (34,35) and by intestinal cells that have only a marginal resemblance to classical NK cells (18 -20, 31). As such, the functional heterogeneity within CD3…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor NKp46 Is Dispensable for IL-22-Mediated Innate Intestinal Immune Defense against Citrobacter rodentium

Satoh-Takayama

Dumoutier

Lesjean-Pottier

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural cytotoxicity receptors (including NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46 in humans and NKp46 in mice) are type I transmembrane proteins that signal NK cell activation via ITAM-containing adapter proteins in response to stress- and pathogen-induced ligands. Although murine NKp46 expression (encoded by Ncr1) was thought to be predominantly restricted to NK cells, the identification of distinct intestinal NKp46+ cell subsets that express the transcription factor Rorc and produce IL-22 suggests a broader function for NKp46 that could involve intestinal homeostasis and immune defense. Using mice carrying a GFP-modified Ncr1 allele, we found normal numbers of gut CD3−GFP+ cells with a similar cell surface phenotype and subset distribution in the absence of Ncr1. Splenic and intestinal CD3−NKp46+ cell subsets showed distinct patterns of cytokine secretion (IFN-γ, IL-22) following activation via NK1.1, NKp46, IL-12 plus IL-18, or IL-23. However, IL-22 production was sharply restricted to intestinal CD3−GFP+ cells with the CD127+NK1.1− phenotype and could be induced in an Ncr1-independent fashion. Because NKp46 ligands can trigger immune activation in the context of infectious pathogens, we assessed the response of wild-type and Ncr-1-deficient Rag2−/− mice to the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. No differences in the survival or clinical score were observed in C. rodentium-infected Rag2−/− mice lacking Ncr1, indicating that NKp46 plays a redundant role in the differentiation of intestinal IL-22+ cells that mediate innate defense against this pathogen. Our results provide further evidence for functional heterogeneity in intestinal NKp46+ cells that contrast with splenic NK cells.

show abstract

“…For the treatment of dogs clindamycin (11-22 mg/kg, BID, TID), sulphonamides (15 mg/kg bid) and pyrimethamine (1mg/kg SID) [51] are used. However, the treatment efficiency is not effective, but there are data that demonstrate an effective response against neosporosis in the symptoms of adult dog administration associated with pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine for 1 month [52].…”

Section: Contamination Can Occur Vertically When a Bitch With Subclinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Causes of Abortion, Stillbirth and Neonatal Death in Bitches

Antunes¹,

CarvalhoFreire²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2016

Canine Medicine - Recent Topics and Advanced Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Problems in gestational development in dogs can be determined by infectious and noninfectious causes. Among the non-infectious causes, trauma during pregnancy, genetic characteristics of the animal, deficit nutrition, thyroid dysfunction, maternal problems and hormonal disorders are found. The majority of the cases are in relation to infectious diseases, one should consider viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal, which can interfere directly or indirectly in the foetal development. The progression of foetal development may be affected by the direct action of the microorganisms to overcome the placenta, but they are also able to affect pregnancy and release placental toxins by inflammatory processes and, may still cause maternal pathologies, which entail problems such as hyperthermia, hypoxia and endotoxemia, which can result in abortion. Several diseases can trigger pregnancy loss in dogs. This action can be direct by microorganisms, as well as indirectly triggering other problems that lead to abortion. This chapter discusses the infectious aetiologies of reproductive failures (abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death) in bitches.

show abstract

Characterization of the Immune Response in the Placenta of Cattle Experimentally Infected with Neospora caninum in Early Gestation

Cited by 79 publications

References 59 publications

Upregulation of Cytokines Is Detected in the Placentas of Cattle Infected withNeospora caninumand Is More Marked Early in Gestation When Fetal Death Is Observed

Upregulation of Cytokines Is Detected in the Placentas of Cattle Infected withNeospora caninumand Is More Marked Early in Gestation When Fetal Death Is Observed

The Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor NKp46 Is Dispensable for IL-22-Mediated Innate Intestinal Immune Defense against Citrobacter rodentium

Infectious Causes of Abortion, Stillbirth and Neonatal Death in Bitches

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About